Supercooled water in an Arctic polynya: observations and modeling

Skogseth, Ragnheid; Nilsen, Frank; Smedsrud, Lars H.

doi:10.3189/002214309788608840

Cited by 52 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…(Figure 2a). This range of supercooling is similar to that reported for the Arctic polynyas by Skogseth et al [2009] and Dmitrenko et al [2010b]. In contrast to 77-80 m, the surface layer (2 m depth) tended to be warmer by up to 0.3°C during the period between 25 December, 5 days after the polynya opened, to 4 March, when the polynya closed (moorings m02 and m03, Figure 2e).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 64%

Polynya impacts on water properties in a Northeast Greenland fjord

Dmitrenko

Kirillov

Rysgaard

et al. 2015

Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 64%

Polynya impacts on water properties in a Northeast Greenland fjord

Dmitrenko

Kirillov

Rysgaard

et al. 2015

Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science

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“…Supercooled water at the surface of the ocean occurs when it is cooled efficiently by the atmosphere. Such conditions can occur in gaps in the ice pack (called leads) and in extensive areas of open water (called polynyas), as observed by Skogseth et al (2009). In some Antarctic regions, frazil-ice growth in supercooled water also contributes to the accretion of platelet ice on the underside of sea ice (e.g.…”

Section: Frazil Ice In the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The nucleation efficiency scale n = min(N, n max ), where n max is a calibration parameter that limits the efficiency of secondary nucleation. Smedsrud (2002) points out that some of the nucleated crystals will be below the so-called "critical size" for crystals to grow, so it is plausible that n < N , but it must be conceded that this parameterization is rather ad hoc. We use this formulation primarily for consistency with previous studies, to allow us to isolate the effect of crystal growth rate.…”

Section: Mathematical Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We use this formulation primarily for consistency with previous studies, to allow us to isolate the effect of crystal growth rate. It is simply a continuous version of that used by, for example, Svensson and Omstedt (1994), Smedsrud (2002), Smedsrud and Jenkins (2004), and Holland and Feltham (2005). Before the efficiency cap is reached, secondary nucleation is a quadratic in the number of crystals, leading to very rapid growth in crystal number.…”

Section: Mathematical Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Frazil-ice growth rate and dynamics in mixed layers and sub-ice-shelf plumes

Jones

Wells

2018

The Cryosphere

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Abstract. The growth of frazil or granular ice is an important mode of ice formation in the cryosphere. Recent advances have improved our understanding of the microphysical processes that control the rate of ice-crystal growth when water is cooled beneath its freezing temperature. These advances suggest that crystals grow much faster than previously thought. In this paper, we consider models of a population of ice crystals with different sizes to provide insight into the treatment of frazil ice in large-scale models. We consider the role of crystal growth alongside the other physical processes that determine the dynamics of frazil ice. We apply our model to a simple mixed layer (such as at the surface of the ocean) and to a buoyant plume under a floating ice shelf. We provide numerical calculations and scaling arguments to predict the occurrence of frazil-ice explosions, which we show are controlled by crystal growth, nucleation, and gravitational removal. Faster crystal growth, higher secondary nucleation, and slower gravitational removal make frazil-ice explosions more likely. We identify steady-state crystal size distributions, which are largely insensitive to crystal growth rate but are affected by the relative importance of secondary nucleation to gravitational removal. Finally, we show that the fate of plumes underneath ice shelves is dramatically affected by frazil-ice dynamics. Differences in the parameterization of crystal growth and nucleation give rise to radically different predictions of basal accretion and plume dynamics, and can even impact whether a plume reaches the end of the ice shelf or intrudes at depth.

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“…Supercooling is frequently observed in polynyas (Skogseth et al, 2009;Dmitrenko et al, 2010). The water can be supercooled by as much as 0.01-0.02°C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supercooling of Seawater Near the Glacier Front in a Fjord

Marchenko¹,

Morozov²,

Marchenko³

2016

ESR

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We analyze seawater temperature and salinity in the immediate vicinity of the Paulbreen front in Spitsbergen. The CTD-measurements were carried out from ice in winter and from a boat in summer. ADCP profiling was performed near the glacier front from the ice in winter. In winter, we found water with lower salinity than the surrounding water in the fjord at a distance of 15 m from the glacier front and recorded a low upward water flux near the glacier. Relatively fresh water was found at a depth of 2-4 m near the glacier front in the place where the sea and glacier bed have local depression up to 17 m. Supercooling of the freshened water reached 0.35°C. We link this phenomenon to a flow of freshwater from under a polythermal glacier. This water becomes overcooled in the seawater with significantly lower temperature and higher salinity.

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Supercooled water in an Arctic polynya: observations and modeling

Cited by 52 publications

References 32 publications

Polynya impacts on water properties in a Northeast Greenland fjord

Polynya impacts on water properties in a Northeast Greenland fjord

Frazil-ice growth rate and dynamics in mixed layers and sub-ice-shelf plumes

Supercooling of Seawater Near the Glacier Front in a Fjord

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