Supercooling ability of Rhododendron flower buds in relation to cooling rate and cold hardiness

Kaku, Shosuke; Mari, Iwaya Inoue; Kunishige, Masaaaki

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a076119

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…All of these previous studies reported that isolated primordia exhibited a greater level of freezing injury than whole buds when they are subjected to freezing temperatures. Results of differential thermal analysis (DTA) indicated that the tissues in isolated primordia exhibited freezing at higher temperatures suggesting intracellular freezing (Sakai, 1979;Ishikawa and Sakai, 1981;Quamme et al, 1995;Kang et al, 1998), while cells in whole buds exhibited deep supercooling (George et al, 1974;Sakai, 1979;Kaku et al, 1980;Warmund et al, 1991;Sakai and Larcher, 1987;Quamme, 1995;Endoh et al, 2009). Direct evidence of the occurrence and possible causes of intracellular freezing in isolated primordia, however, have not been obtained.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consideration of the reasons why dormant buds of trees have evolved extraorgan freezing as an adaptation for winter survival

Endoh

Kuwabara

Arakawa

et al. 2014

Environmental and Experimental Botany

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consideration of the reasons why dormant buds of trees have evolved extraorgan freezing as an adaptation for winter survival

Endoh

Kuwabara

Arakawa

et al. 2014

Environmental and Experimental Botany

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“…In tissues with densely lignified or cutinized barriers, the propagation of ice is delayed or inhibited, and the cell wall rigidity can lead to increased cell tension and reduced cell dehydration (Wisniewski and Davis, 1989;Rajashekar and Burke, 1996). Deep supercooling in some flower primordia of winter buds is possible down to -20 to -25 °C (e.g., Kaku et al, 1980;Ishikawa and Sakai, 1981), in shoot primordia down to -20 to -30 °C, and in wood parenchyma and xylem rays of many forest and fruit trees and shrubs of the temperate zone down to -30 to -50 °C (e.g., Quamme et al, 1972;George et al, 1974;Gusta et al, 1983). When the supercooling threshold is crossed, however, the metastable state collapses spontaneously and ice crystals form inside the cells (homogeneous nucleation; Rasmussen and MacKenzie, 1972).…”

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confidence: 99%

Climatic Constraints Drive the Evolution of Low Temperature Resistance in Woody Plants

Larcher

2005

J. Agric. Meteorol.

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Cold and frost are stress factors of widespread occurrence for plants. They damage woody plants due to chilling temperatures in the tropics, by freezing sensitive plants in regions with episodic frosts and temperatures down to -10 °C, and by freezing of even tolerant plants in regions with cold winters below -10 and -40 °C. The wide range of frost resistances in plants from different climatic zones indicates that the ability to become hardened to freezing has evolved in a stepwise process. There are opinions how an evolutionary acquisition of freezing tolerance could have taken place in the following way: First there is a differentiation of better adapted ecotypes and in the long term a series of functional plant groups develop along climatic gradients. Frequent climatic stress and climatic changes stimulate the selection of new genotypes resistant to climatic extremes. Furthermore, plants exposed to multiple stress factors in their habitat acquire a general cross tolerance to climatic constraints.The objective of this review is the understanding of low temperature resistance in woody plants, e.g. stabilization of biomembranes by lipid composition, deep supercooling, and ability to become freezing tolerant during winter dormancy. An over a hundred year long history of investigating frost stress and survival of different plant species has brought about an important understanding of basic processes. Recently antifreeze proteins which slow the freezing processes, and proteins, which protect the protoplasm against low temperature, frost and dehydration have been discovered. Findings that help to explain the mechanisms for coping with low temperature will be applicable to agriculture, horticulture, forestry and bioclimatology. The objective of this review is the understanding of basic processes of low temperature stress and the evolutionary adaptation of resistance in woody plants. 'Adaptation' is the response of plants to changing environmental conditions; it may be transitory (phenotypic) or permanent (genotypic). 'Evolutionary adaptation' is used here in the sense of genetically determined.The first descriptive investigations of frost damage and freezing resistance in different plant species were carried out very early e.g., Sachs (1860), Müller Thurgau (1886), Molisch (1897). From the middle of the last century onwards intensive analytical investigations of cytological, biophysical and biochemical mechanisms were made on plant organs and tissues (e.g., Asahina, 1956;Heber, 1968;Siminovitch et al., 1968; Krasavtsev, 1972;Burke et al., 1976), and general conclusions were drawn from these results (e.g., Levitt, 1980; Tumanov, 1979). Recently our knowledge of low temperature stress and frost resistance has been advanced due to molecular biological methods. Nowadays certain polypeptides and proteins which trigger controlled freezing and which protect the protoplasm against low temperature, frost and dehydration are known. All findings that help to explain mechanisms for coping with low temperature will have ...

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“…The dormant flower buds of many woody deciduous species avoid freezing injury by deep supercooling. These species include several of Rhododendron (12,14,18) and Vitis (3,22,37), Vaccinium corymbosum (5), Forsythia (20), Cornus florida L. (35) and most Prunus species (7,30). In the dormant flower buds of these species, two distinct freezing events may be measured by differential thermal analysis (DTA) (6).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…To explain the presence of ice in such close proximity to supercooled water, it has been hypothesized that the flower buds possess barriers that prevent ice from propagating into the supercooled primordia (4,10,31,34,36). The LTEs have been associated with injury to the flower primordia of Prunus (30), Rhododendron (11,18), Vitis (3,21) and Vaccinium corymbosum (5).…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of Temperature on the Deep Supercooling Characteristics of Dormant and Deacclimating Sweet Cherry Flower Buds

Andrews¹,

Proebsting²

1987

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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Seasonal changes in the temperature of the median low-temperature exotherm (LTE50) of dormant sweet cherry (Prunus avium L. cv. Bing) flower buds were significantly correlated with the preceding minimum air temperature in the orchard and the water content of the flower primordia. When buds were exposed to temperatures just below the high temperature exotherms, water migrated from the primordia to the bud scales. Under these conditions, the LTE50 decreased almost 5°C during the first day, but only 1°/day thereafter. The minimum LTE50 was near −32° after the buds were frozen for 10 days. Thawing buds at 0° or above increased the LTE50 about 1°/hr, to −20° to −21°. The LTE50 did not increase above these temperatures until the buds were exposed to 20° for 1-2 days following the completion of rest. During deacclimation, both the LTE50 and temperature range of the low temperature exotherms (LTEs) increased. These changes were accompanied by fluctuations in the capacity of the flower buds to exhibit deep supercooling, expressed as the fraction of an LTE produced per flower primordium (LTE/primordium). Even on days when the LTE/primordium was low, the temperature required to injure 50% of the flower primordia was similar to the LTE50.

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Supercooling ability of Rhododendron flower buds in relation to cooling rate and cold hardiness

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Consideration of the reasons why dormant buds of trees have evolved extraorgan freezing as an adaptation for winter survival

Consideration of the reasons why dormant buds of trees have evolved extraorgan freezing as an adaptation for winter survival

Climatic Constraints Drive the Evolution of Low Temperature Resistance in Woody Plants

Effects of Temperature on the Deep Supercooling Characteristics of Dormant and Deacclimating Sweet Cherry Flower Buds

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