Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of cannabinoids from Cannabis sativa L.

Rovetto, Laura J.; Aieta, Niccolo V.

doi:10.1016/j.supflu.2017.03.014

Cited by 130 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Brought to America in 1619 for applications and the textile industry [14], Industrial Hemp is certainly used for merchandise products nowadays. The most popular products on the market are those containing CBD.…”

Section: Tetrahydrocannabinol (δ9-thc) [4]mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, heating is required during the process to decarboxylate all the acid forms to their analogues. Further, there is the latest research about microwave-assisted extraction of cannabinoids from Hemp [9, 14,17,19]. Nowadays, finding sustainable energy resources is one of the top priorities.…”

Section: Tetrahydrocannabinol (δ9-thc) [4]mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cannabis came to North America for the first time in the early 1600s. It played an important role in the Pennsylvanian agriculture during the 1700 and 1800 and was then grown in many parts of the country [14].…”

Section: Brief Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ethanol is also used as a co-solvent since it can extract high polarity cannabinoids. Laura J Rovetto and Niccolo V. Aieta describe the extraction procedure in a publication about Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of cannabinoids from cannabis sativa L. [14] as in the following.…”

Section: Ethanol Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cannabis, the Plant of the Unlimited Possibilities

Dölle

Kurzmann

2019

AIR

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This review paper gives an overview of Cannabis Sativa, also known as hemp, which has been cultivated and used century's B.C. due to its medical, hallucinogenic and agricultural properties. Cannabis has been described in 1938 as the billion-dollar plant but has lost its value in the U.S. due to regulatory and legislative issues. Hemp has seen as new push In the U.S. with the introduction of the 2018 Farm Bill which allows on a federal level to grow hemp, pending on individual state regulations. Currently, industrial hemp production is allowed in at least 38 U.S. States under strict regulations. Today hemp is used in counties that do not have as strict regulations as the U.S. in a variety of applications such as beauty products, carpets, cooking oil, personal care products and textiles. Hemp can be considered as an alternative feedstock due to its low lignin and high cellulose level for biofuel application as an alternative to replace petroleum-based fuels and gases. In the U.S. hemp research in these areas has stalled due to the complexity of the law. Beside industrial application such as ropes, textiles, shoes, etc., hemp today is used in pharmaceutical and medical applications, by extracting Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabinoids from the leaves and fluorescence of the hemp plant that contain no more than of up to 0.3% of these compounds. The use of hemp plants with higher levels are strictly forbidden in most countries. Several extraction processes of cannabinoids from hemp are used They all use a solvent for extraction but differ in terms of efficiency, usage range and other factors influencing the extraction. Nonetheless, overconsumption of cannabis products can be associated with several side effects, that can cause serious physiological and psychological damage in the human body may cause serious damage.

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Section: Tetrahydrocannabinol (δ9-thc) [4]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tetrahydrocannabinol (δ9-thc) [4]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Brief Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ethanol Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cannabis, the Plant of the Unlimited Possibilities

Dölle

Kurzmann

2019

AIR

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“…For isolation of high valued compounds different techniques are available from traditional solvent extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, enzyme-assisted / microwave and ultrasound extraction to supercritical extraction (SFE) etc. SFE is an environmentally friendly extraction technique using carbon dioxide as an extraction solvent resulting solvent-residue free extracts rich in lipophilic compounds [5][6][7][8][9]. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction is widely used for food-, cosmetic-, and pharmaceutical applications especially producing extracts with high added value such as rosehip oil, flavor of hops, medicinal plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabinoids Enriched Extracts from Industrial Hemp Residues

Vági

Balázs

Komóczi

et al. 2019

Period. Polytech. Chem. Eng.

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Obtaining phytocannabinoids, associated with various medicinal and therapeutic properties with no reported side effects, is one of the hot topics. The phychotropic Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is less than 0.2 % in industrial cultivars therefore can be grown legally in many EU countries. Harvesting and processing of hemp for fiber or seeds generates large amount of wastes containing substantial amounts of bioactives such as cannabidiol (CBD) which are the primary cannabinoids along with cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), cannabinol (CBN), cannabigerol (CBG), and cannabichromene (CBC).The aim of this work was to optimize the extraction of cannabinoids from industrial hemp threshing residue using supercritical carbon dioxide extraction in pilot scales. The effects of extraction pressure and temperature on the extraction yield were evaluated. Three ground and pelleted samples of the same type but with different harvesting time were also compared. After derivatization of the samples the cannabinoids and the minor THCs were quantified by GC-MS. The extraction yields were between 0.2 -6.59 g/100 g dry mass depending on the source of hemp residue and on the process parameters of the extraction process. By increasing the pressure of extraction (in the range of 25-45 MPa at 45 °C) the extraction yields increased, meanwhile the yields of cannabinoids showed no significant increase. The volatile compounds were successfully separated from the cannabinoids with fractionated separation. From hemp threshing residues essential oil free extracts with high content of cannabinoids were obtained at 35 MPa extraction pressure and 45 °C temperature setting the first separator at 8 MPa and 40 °C.

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Analysis of Cannabis Products by Supercritical Fluid Chromatography

2019

Modern Supercritical Fluid Chromatography

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Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of cannabinoids from Cannabis sativa L.

Cited by 130 publications

References 31 publications

Cannabis, the Plant of the Unlimited Possibilities

Cannabis, the Plant of the Unlimited Possibilities

Cannabinoids Enriched Extracts from Industrial Hemp Residues

Analysis of Cannabis Products by Supercritical Fluid Chromatography

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