Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from sediments

Lee, Hing-Biu; Peart, Thomas E.; Hong-You, Robert L.; Gere, Dennis R.

doi:10.1016/0021-9673(93)80394-n

Cited by 56 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…OPAHs such as 9,10-anthraquione and 9-fluorenone in the atmosphere were mainly formed by the reaction of PAHs with ozone [6]. MPAHs were mainly generated from the combustion of petroleum [7,8]. Although these SPAHs are present at lower levels than parent PAHs, their toxicities are much larger [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous determination of typical substituted and parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water and solid matrix by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Qiao

Liu

et al. 2013

Journal of Chromatography A

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a b s t r a c tPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are likely to transform to more mutagenic and carcinogenic substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (SPAHs) in the environment. To date, no literature has reported on an analytical method for SPAHs in the natural water environment (encompassing water, suspended particulate and sediment matrix). A robust and routine analytical method was developed for simultaneous detection of 13 typical SPAHs and 16 PAHs in the water environment in this work. The pretreatment and instrument analysis procedure were optimized for effective detection of the 29 targets species. Recovery of each target ranged from 60% to 120%, except for benz [a]anthracene-7,12-dione (BA-7,12-D), which resulted from the transformation of 7-nitrobenz[a]anthracene (7-NBA). The high recovery of BA-7,12-D was relatively stable, so the detection results could be corrected. The method quantification limits ranged from 0.04 ng/L to 20.25 ng/L for 4 L water samples, from 4.12 ng/g to 131.66 ng/g for 0.1 g particulate samples, and from 1.75 ng/g to 28.04 ng/g for 20 g sediment samples. The method was applied to detect the 29 targets pollutants in polluted rivers, receiving wastewater from Beijing and Tianjin in China. Certain SPAH targets including 2-methylnaphthalene, 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene, 1-methylfluoranthene, 3,6-dimethylphenanthrene, 9-fluorenone, anthraquinone, 2-methylanthranquinone and BA-7,12-D were detected in the natural river environment, and all PAH targets were found in rivers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous determination of typical substituted and parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water and solid matrix by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Qiao

Liu

et al. 2013

Journal of Chromatography A

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“…The spiked sample recoveries were 22-77% for chlorobenzenes, 42-102% for PAHs, and 31-95% for the two phthalates. The recovery for the four surrogate standards range from 32% to 86% for nitrobenzene-d 5 , 38% to 96% for 2-fluorobiphenyl, 69% to 150% for 2,4,6-tribromophenol and 75% to 129% for terphenyl-d 14 .…”

Section: Analytical Quality Controlmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The extraction method followed basically the procedure of Lee et al [14] with only minor modifications. A model HP 7680 supercritical fluid extraction system was used for the screening analysis.…”

Section: Screening Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical characterization of Tan‐Sui River sediment in North Taiwan

Liu

Wang

2000

Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry

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Surface sediment samples from four downstream sites of Tan-Sui River in Taipei metropolitan area were collected from 1997 to 1999. The semivolatile organic pollutants present in the sediments were screened by GC/MSD. Several target compounds including sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), seven chlorobenzenes, two phthalates and the total amount of C8-C32 aliphatic hydrocarbons were quantified. The concentration of the 16 PAHs ranges from 0.21 to 5.69 μg/g of which fluoranthene, pyrene and phenanthrene were the highest. The concentration of the total chlorobenzenes ranged from 0.04 to 5.85 μg/g. The concentration of bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate ranges from 3.8 to 35.3 μg/g and that of the total C8-C32 aliphatic hydrocarbons ranges from 0.94 to 10.6 μg/g. Some of these values are higher than similar sediment survey in Japan in the eighties. The concentration of bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate is much higher than the no-effect level (0.184 μg/g) set by McDonald. Some of the PAHs have already reached the level of biological effects. As compared with the sediment samples collected from Tou-Chien River and Pu-Ze River located at the west of Taiwan, the chlorobenzene concentrations of sediments in Tan-Sui River are 5-6 times higher, the PAHs are 6-10 times higher and the phthalates are 11-20 times higher. Nonylphenol was also commonly found in the Tan-Sui River sediment. There is a decreasing tendency of PAHs and phthalates concentration from surface to bottom for the core sample at Taipei Bridge site. Such tendency is less obvious for chlorobenzenes.

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“…MeOH is the most frequently used modifier for PAH extraction [10,[15][16][17][18] and was selected here for its beneficial solvation properties and miscibility with aqueous solutions, essential for subsequent extract analysis by immunoassay. Most SFE systems utilise a second pump to deliver co-solvent, an approach not considered here because of field-based operational constraints.…”

Section: Modifier Additionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GC-MS and immunoassay calibration was performed using a stock solution containing the EPA-defined 16 …”

Section: Solvents and Standardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field-based supercritical fluid extraction and immunoassay for determination of PAHs in soils

Rigou¹,

Saini²,

Setford³

2004

International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry

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A field-compatible supercritical-fluid extraction (SFE) device and method for extraction of organic contaminants from soil has been developed and combined with field-based immunoassay for on-site PAH (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) determination. The optimised extraction method was tested in field experiments on natural samples with varying water content (0-32% w/w) without any sample pretreatment, yielding an average PAH recovery of 80% versus Soxhlet. The immunoassay functioned in buffer-diluted 10% v/v MeOH SFE extracts, allowing direct determination of PAHs with minimum sample manipulation. Immunoassay served as a reliable semi-quantitative technique for rapid screening of PAHs in SFE preparations of natural samples extracted in the field. Poor performance of the commercial solvent-shake extraction (SSE) method further supported the on-site SFE/immunoassay method.

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Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from sediments

Cited by 56 publications

References 18 publications

Simultaneous determination of typical substituted and parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water and solid matrix by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Simultaneous determination of typical substituted and parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water and solid matrix by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Chemical characterization of Tan‐Sui River sediment in North Taiwan

Field-based supercritical fluid extraction and immunoassay for determination of PAHs in soils

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