1994
DOI: 10.1017/s0043174500080358
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Supercritical CO2Fluid Extraction of Imazaquin From Soil

Abstract: Feasibility of supercritical CO2fluid extraction of imazaquin from spiked soil (3.21 μmol kg-1) as an alternative to a conventional extraction method was investigated. The supercritical fluid extraction method involved single-step extraction of herbicide from soil with no further sample cleanup procedures. Extraction parameters were optimized for maximum herbicide recovery. Adding water as a modifier to air-dried soil significantly improved herbicide recovery. Extracting a 1-g soil sample with supercritical CO… Show more

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Cited by 21 publications
(16 citation statements)
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“…Supercritical fluid extraction can be performed in either a static or a dynamic mode. In the majority of applications, a combination of the two modes is used (Hawthorne, 1990;Nam and King, 1994;Locke, 1993;Lopez-Avila and Dodhiwala, 1993;Reddy and Locke, 1994). When combination mode is used, static extraction is usually a small equilibration/extraction step wherein the CO 2 fluid is recycled through the sample for a period of time to allow the extraction fluid to fully penetrate the sample and dissolve the analyte.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Supercritical fluid extraction can be performed in either a static or a dynamic mode. In the majority of applications, a combination of the two modes is used (Hawthorne, 1990;Nam and King, 1994;Locke, 1993;Lopez-Avila and Dodhiwala, 1993;Reddy and Locke, 1994). When combination mode is used, static extraction is usually a small equilibration/extraction step wherein the CO 2 fluid is recycled through the sample for a period of time to allow the extraction fluid to fully penetrate the sample and dissolve the analyte.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…To validate this method, water samples were fortified in triplicate at two different levels: at the LOQ (0.1 ppb) and at 10 times the LOQ (1.0 ppb). A typical (32), 411 (100) imazaquin (5) 311 199 (15), 267 (21), 312 (100) thifensulfuron methyl (6) 387 141 (36), 167 (34), 388 (100) metsulfuron methyl (7) 381 141 (34), 167 (43), 382 (100) sulfometuron methyl (8) 364 150 (91), 199 (19), 365 (100) chlorsulfuron (9) 357 141 (65), 167 (21), 358 (100) triasulfuron (10) 401 141 (31), 167 (11), 402 (100) bensulfuron methyl (11) 410 149 (49), 182 (34), 411 (100) prosulfuron (12) 419 141 (25), 167 (7), 420 (100) halosulfuron methyl (13) 434 182 (50), 403 (19), 435 (100) chlorimuron ethyl (14) 414 186 (37), 213 (6), 415 (100) triflusulfuron methyl (15) 492 264 (26), 461 (6), 493 (100) primisulfuron methyl (16) 468 199 (17), 254 (40), 469 (100) set of validation samples for each matrix consisted of two control samples, six fortified samples (three at each of two levels), and three or more solvent blanks (10:90 or 20:80 acetonitrile/water).…”
Section: Hplc/msmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…to the analysis of imidazolinones include HPLC/UV, [29][30][31][32][33] LC/MS, 34 capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE)/UV, 35 and, if the compounds are methylated, GC with phosphorus detection 36 and GC/MS. 37 Sulfonamides have been analyzed using HPLC/UV, [38][39] LC/ MS, [40][41] bioassay, 42 and, when derivatized with methyl iodide, GC/ MS. 43 For confirmatory and quantitative trace-level analyses of thermally labile or nonvolatile compounds, such as the compounds of interest in this work, the technique of choice is LC/MS, because it offers chromatographic separation without thermal decomposition, high sensitivity, mass selectivity, and structural information.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The modifier pH was increased by addition of triethylamine, After an extraction condition was found to yield the best recovery, it was then used for all subsequent extractions. This approach is similar to Reddy and Locke (1994) and Robertson and Lester (1994).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%