Supercritical extraction of carob kibbles (Ceratonia siliqua L.)

Bernardo‐Gil, M. Gabriela; Roque, Ricardo; Roseiro, Luísa B.; Duarte, Luís C.; Gı́rio, Francisco M.; Esteves, Paula

doi:10.1016/j.supflu.2011.08.007

Cited by 58 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Italy, Portugal, Morocco, Greece, Cyprus, Turkey, and Algeria are the stronger producers of carob worldwide (Benchikh, Louaileche, George, & Merlin, 2014). Carob presents currently a huge economical gain (Saratsis, Voutzourakis, Theodosiou, Stefanakis, & Sotiraki, 2016) with its high exploitation in food industries in order to produce locust bean and carob bean gum (Bernardo-Gil et al, 2011), its use in cosmetics and textile (Biner, Gubbuk, Karhan, Aksu, & Pekmezci, 2007). Estimated acreage of spontaneous carob in Morocco is 30,000 ha with a production that follows an increasing rate (El Hajaji et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucose‐mediated protein glycation: Contribution of methanolic extract of Ceratonia siliqua L. in protection and in vitro potential inhibition of acetylcholinesterase

et al. 2019

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Chronic hyperglycemia presents the major etiology of diabetes mellitus and related complications mainly Alzheimer's disease, via the protein glycation and toxic products generated. In the current study, we investigated the eventual protective effect of the methanolic extract of Ceratonia siliqua L. (CsME) against glucose‐mediated glycation in serum bovine albumin. The multi‐stage glycation markers, namely fructosamines and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) levels were monitored along with measurement of thiol groups; moreover, the in vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition potential was carried out. HPLC was also assessed. Rutin was the main phenolic compound found in CsME. CsME showed a good capacity to inhibit AGEs, fructosamines and protected thiol groups against glycation. CsME exhibited a great AChE inhibition activity. In the present study, CsME prevented glucose‐induced protein glycation, it also exhibited a good inhibition of AChE, suggesting its DM complications such as memory troubles related to AD. Practical applications Neurodegenerative disorders ranging from memory troubles to Alzheimer's disease present the most diabetes mellitus complications and mainly attributed to protein glycation process. Currently, there is a strong trend to search for efficient natural sources of glycation and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors to replace the synthetic ones, whose secondary effects were shown. The present article tries to justify scientifically the wide use of Ceratonia siliqua L. in Moroccan folk medicine, demonstrating that the methanolic extract of leaves from this species presents a promising source of new natural compounds inhibiting acetylcholinesterase and acting in vitro against glycation generated compounds. Furthermore, for the first time, Rutin was the main phenolic compound found in this extract, these encouraging results should be coupled with further studies to integrate it in pharmaceutical formulations. As such, this paper should be of interest to a broad readership, including those interested in Biochemistry, Phytochemistry, pharmacology, and neurosciences.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucose‐mediated protein glycation: Contribution of methanolic extract of Ceratonia siliqua L. in protection and in vitro potential inhibition of acetylcholinesterase

et al. 2019

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“…Carob has been used for over 4000 years as feed and food, especially in times of food shortage, mainly due to its sugary pulp [11][12][13]. Carob kibbles are traditionally used to make a boiled juice product, named "pekmez," which is mainly consumed in Turkey [14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Carob germ flour is used as dietetic human food or as a potential ingredient in cereal-derived foods for celiac people [29]. Carob kibbles can be used raw, usually for animal feeding, or roasted, in food industry [10,11,14]. They are also used to extract sugars for making syrup or bioethanol [17,[30][31][32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Roasting on Sensory, Antioxidant, Aromas, and Physicochemical Properties of Carob Pod Powder (Ceratonia siliquaL.)

Boublenza

Lazouni

Ghaffari

et al. 2017

Journal of Food Quality

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The main objective of this research was to compare physicochemical parameters, antioxidant activity, lipid composition, and sensory analysis of initial and roasted carob pod powder (Ceratonia siliqua L.) obtained at different roasting temperatures. The roasted products became darker and the average moisture content, water activity, oil content, and sweetness values decreased at higher temperatures. Total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity increased with increasing roasted temperature. Oleic acid, linoleic acid, and palmitic acid were the main fatty acids present in carob oil. Results showed that the roasted carob pod powders are sweeter, have more caramel-like taste, and have more cacao-like aroma at lower roasting temperatures but have more astringent taste, coffee-like aroma, and roasted aroma at higher roasting temperatures.

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“…On the other hand, the extracted lignin can be used as a low-value heating fuel, binder, dispersant, emulsifier and sequestrant. Lignin can also act as a source of high-value molecules, such as biologically active polyphenols and tannins [6,7]. The conventional methodologies have technological limitations such as an insufficient selectivity and partial degeneration of products that compromise the efficiency of the separation processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic liquids as a tool for lignocellulosic biomass fractionation

Lopes

João

Morais

et al. 2013

sustain chem process

204

124

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Lignocellulosic biomass composes a diversity of feedstock raw materials representing an abundant and renewable carbon source. In majority lignocellulose is constituted by carbohydrate macromolecules, namely cellulose and hemicellulose, and by lignin, a polyphenilpropanoid macromolecule. Between these biomacromolecules, there are several covalent and non-covalent interactions defining an intricate, complex and rigid structure of lignocellulose. The deconstruction of the lignocellulosic biomass makes these fractions susceptible for easier transformation to large number of commodities including energy, chemicals and material within the concept of biorefinery. Generally, the biomass pre-treatment depends on the final goal in the biomass processing. The recalcitrance of lignocellulose materials is the main limitation of its processing once the inherent costs are excessively high for the conventional pre-treatments. Furthermore, none of the currently known processes is highly selective and efficient for the satisfactory and versatile use, thus, new methodologies are still studied broadly. The ionic liquid technology on biomass processing is relatively recent and first studies were focused on the lignocellulosic biomass dissolution in different ionic liquids (ILs). The dissolution in IL drives to the structural changes in the regenerated biomass by reduction of cellulose crystallinity and lignin content contrasting to the original biomass. These findings provided ILs as tools to perform biomass pre-treatment and the advantageous use of their specific properties over the conventional pre-treatment processes. This review shows the critical outlook on the study of biomass dissolution and changes occurred in the biomass during this process as well as on the influence of several crucial parameters that govern the dissolution and further pre-treatment process. The review of currently known methods of biomass fractionation in IL and aqueous-IL mixtures is also discussed here and perspectives regarding these topics are given as well.

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Supercritical extraction of carob kibbles (Ceratonia siliqua L.)

Cited by 58 publications

References 36 publications

Glucose‐mediated protein glycation: Contribution of methanolic extract of Ceratonia siliqua L. in protection and in vitro potential inhibition of acetylcholinesterase

Glucose‐mediated protein glycation: Contribution of methanolic extract of Ceratonia siliqua L. in protection and in vitro potential inhibition of acetylcholinesterase

Influence of Roasting on Sensory, Antioxidant, Aromas, and Physicochemical Properties of Carob Pod Powder (Ceratonia siliquaL.)

Ionic liquids as a tool for lignocellulosic biomass fractionation

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