Supercritical fluid extraction of the volatile oil from Santolina chamaecyparissus

Abstract

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of the volatile oil from Santolina chamaecyparissus L. flower heads was performed under different conditions of pressure, temperature, mean particle size and CO(2) flow rate. This oil was compared with the essential oil isolated by hydrodistillation (HD). The SFE volatile and essential oils were analysed by GC and GC-MS. The range of the main volatile components obtained with HD and SFE were, respectively: 1,8-cineole (25-30% and 7-48%), camphor (7-9% and 8-14%), borneol (7-8% and 2-11%), terpinen-4-ol (6-7% and 1-4%), terpinolene (1-4% and 1-7%) and isobornyl acetate (1-2% and 1-11%). The chemical composition of the extracts was greatly influenced by the conditions of pressure and temperature used. In fact, it was possible to enrich the sesquiterpene fraction by increasing the pressure from 8 to 9 MPa, while changing the temperature from 50 to 40 degrees C at 9 MPa enriched the volatiles in n-alkanes [corrected].

Chemosensitization as a Means to Augment Commercial Antifungal Agents

“…The essential oil from this plant was found to have a synergistic antifungal effect against C. albicans when combined with clotrimazole, in both in vitro and in vivo (murine) assays (Suresh et al, 1997). The essential oil of S. chamaecyparissus contains more than 80 constituents, practically all terpenoids, many common to a broad spectrum of plants (Grosso et al, 2009). Combination of the latex of Euphorbia characias , known to contain a high concentration of terpenes, with ketoconazole also resulted in synergistic antifungal activity against C. albicans in in vitro assays (Giordani et al, 2001).…”

Chemical Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of Two Aromatic Herbs (Santolina chamaecyparissus and Sideritis angustifolia) Widely Used in the Folk Medicine

“…Grosso et al . () investigated the EO obtained from S. chamaecyparissus L. flower heads and reported that the main components were 1,8‐cineole (25–30%), camphor (7–9%), borneol (7–8%) and terpinen‐4‐ol (6–7%). Villar et al .…”

“…Haggag et al (2000) mentioned that the volatile oil of S. chamaecyparissus fresh arial parts was found to contain 74 identified components: artemisia ketone (35.49%) was the major one. Grosso et al (2009) investigated the EO obtained from S. chamaecyparissus L. flower heads and reported that the main components were 1,8-cineole (25-30%), camphor (7-9%), borneol (7-8%) and terpinen-4-ol (6-7%). Villar et al (1986) analyzed the EO of S. chamaecyparissus ssp.…”

A Review of the Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Biological Activities of the Genus Santolina

“…Monoterpene hydrocarbons (29.5 %) and oxygenated monoterpenes (36.81 %) are the main classes of the essential oil of S. chamaecyparissus from Italy [39], in which, besides artemisia ketone (28.24 %), the other abundant constituents are β-phellandrene (12.78 %), myrcene (8.02 %), and sabinene (7.65 %). Grosso et al [40] compared the essential oil of S. chamaecyparissus (Spain) obtained by SFE with the essential oil obtained by HD, and found 1,8-cineole to be the most abundant component (7-48 % and 25-30 % for SFE and HD, respectively), followed by camphor (8-14 and 7-9 % for SFE and HD, respectively), borneol (2-11 and 7-8 % for SFE and HD, respectively), terpinen-4-ol (1-4 and 6-7 % for SFE and HD, respectively), and terpinolene (1-7 and 1-4 % for SFE and HD, respectively). In previous studies, some S. chamaecyparissus subspecies from Spain were described to contain 1,8-cineole (2-18 %), artemisia ketone (0.1-28 %), camphor (trace-43%), borneol (1-28 %), copaenol (trace-15%), allo-aromadendrene (19 %), and cubenol (1-17 %) as major constituents [12,30].…”