Supercritical Fluid Technology for the Development of 3D Printed Controlled Drug Release Dosage Forms

Schmid, Johannes; Wahl, Martin A.; Daniels, Rolf

doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics13040543

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Scaffolds with varying pore sizes were made from polylactic acid (PLA) using a FDM 3D printer (German RepRap GmbH, Feldkirchen, Germany). The 3D-printed drug carriers were then loaded with ibuprofen as a model drug, employing the controlled particle deposition (CPD) process from supercritical CO 2 at room temperature, highlighting the benefit of the technology to incorporate thermosensitive drugs [ 120 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printing of Thermo-Sensitive Drugs

et al. 2021

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Three-dimensional (3D) printing is among the rapidly evolving technologies with applications in many sectors. The pharmaceutical industry is no exception, and the approval of the first 3D-printed tablet (Spiratam®) marked a revolution in the field. Several studies reported the fabrication of different dosage forms using a range of 3D printing techniques. Thermosensitive drugs compose a considerable segment of available medications in the market requiring strict temperature control during processing to ensure their efficacy and safety. Heating involved in some of the 3D printing technologies raises concerns regarding the feasibility of the techniques for printing thermolabile drugs. Studies reported that semi-solid extrusion (SSE) is the commonly used printing technique to fabricate thermosensitive drugs. Digital light processing (DLP), binder jetting (BJ), and stereolithography (SLA) can also be used for the fabrication of thermosensitive drugs as they do not involve heating elements. Nonetheless, degradation of some drugs by light source used in the techniques was reported. Interestingly, fused deposition modelling (FDM) coupled with filling techniques offered protection against thermal degradation. Concepts such as selection of low melting point polymers, adjustment of printing parameters, and coupling of more than one printing technique were exploited in printing thermosensitive drugs. This systematic review presents challenges, 3DP procedures, and future directions of 3D printing of thermo-sensitive formulations.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printing of Thermo-Sensitive Drugs

et al. 2021

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“…Pharmaceutics 2023, 15, 1301 2 of 14 Despite much effort in drug delivery system development using scCO 2 and 3D-printed biomaterials, there has been limited work reported in literature where 3D printing is combined with scCO 2 to produce a more flexible, tunable, and predictable drug delivery system. Schmid et al completed a study on 3D-printed PLA-based drug release system, using scCO 2 to incorporate ibuprofen into the polymer [9]. Fused deposition modeling, as the 3D-printing method, was employed to produce thin film, spherical and cylindrical samples with varying pore sizes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlled Release of Flurbiprofen from 3D-Printed and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Processed Methacrylate-Based Polymer

Ngo

Kim

2023

Pharmaceutics

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The ability to engineer and predict drug release behavior during treatment is critical to the design and implementation of effective drug delivery systems. In this study, a drug delivery system consisting of a methacrylate-based polymer and flurbiprofen was studied, and its release profile in a controlled phosphate-buffered saline solution was characterized. The polymer, which was 3D printed and processed in supercritical carbon dioxide under different temperature and pressure settings, showed sustained drug release over a prolonged period. A computer algorithm was used to determine the drug release time duration before reaching steady state and the maximum drug release at steady state. Several empirical models were applied to fit the release kinetic data to gain information about the drug release mechanism. The diffusion coefficients for each system were also estimated using Fick’s law. Based on the results, the influence of supercritical carbon dioxide processing conditions on the diffusion behavior is interpreted, providing insights into the effective and tunable design of drug delivery systems for targeted treatment specifications.

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“…To the best of our knowledge, such studies have not been performed on thermoplastic matrices, which are extensively used to develop biomedical implants. Moreover, the increased interest in developing drug-eluting implants and scaffolds of thermoplastics polymers using fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing motivates the comparison of the impregnation methods, to decide which should be used to load the drugs into the filaments or printed device, depending on the desired release profile [20,[38][39][40][41]. In order to select the most appropriate drug loading processes, it is necessary to understand its impact on drug loading, the polymer microstructure, the drug crystalline state, the in vitro polymer behavior, and the drug release profile.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspirin-Loaded Polymeric Films for Drug Delivery Systems: Comparison between Soaking and Supercritical CO2 Impregnation

2021

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Polymeric implants loaded with drugs can overcome the disadvantages of oral or injection drug administration and deliver the drug locally. Several methods can load drugs into polymers. Herein, soaking and supercritical CO2 (scCO2) impregnation methods were employed to load aspirin into poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) and linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE). Higher drug loadings (DL) were achieved with scCO2 impregnation compared to soaking and in a shorter time (3.4 ± 0.8 vs. 1.3 ± 0.4% for PLLA; and 0.4 ± 0.5 vs. 0.6 ± 0.5% for LLDPE), due to the higher swelling capacity of CO2. The higher affinity of aspirin explained the higher DL in PLLA than in LLDPE. Residual solvent was detected in LLDPE prepared by soaking, but within the FDA concentration limits. The solvents used in both methods acted as plasticizers and increased PLLA crystallinity. PLLA impregnated with aspirin exhibited faster hydrolysis in vitro due to the catalytic effect of aspirin. Finally, PLLA impregnated by soaking showed a burst release because of aspirin crystals on the PLLA surface, and released 100% of aspirin within 60 days, whereas the PLLA prepared with scCO2 released 60% after 74 days by diffusion and PLLA erosion. Hence, the scCO2 impregnation method is adequate for higher aspirin loadings and prolonged drug release.

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Supercritical Fluid Technology for the Development of 3D Printed Controlled Drug Release Dosage Forms

Cited by 5 publications

References 31 publications

3D Printing of Thermo-Sensitive Drugs

3D Printing of Thermo-Sensitive Drugs

Controlled Release of Flurbiprofen from 3D-Printed and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Processed Methacrylate-Based Polymer

Aspirin-Loaded Polymeric Films for Drug Delivery Systems: Comparison between Soaking and Supercritical CO2 Impregnation

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