Supercritical water gasification of wastes from the paper industry

Purkarová, Eliška; Ciahotný, Karel; Šváb, Marek; Skoblia, Siarhei; Beňo, Zdeněk

doi:10.1016/j.supflu.2018.01.015

Cited by 26 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…When an experimental facility is assembled to study an SCWG process, the first attempt is to use an electric furnace that houses the reactor that heats the stream entering it. This has been applied by numerous researchers over the past two decades [54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61]. Heat is transmitted by radiation to the reactor wall, then by conduction through the wall, and finally by convection inside the reactor.…”

Section: Experimental Deficiencies and Feasible Troubleshootingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Transfer Limitations in Supercritical Water Gasification

et al. 2021

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Supercritical water gasification (SCWG) is a promising technology for the valorization of wet biomass with a high-water content, which has attracted increasing interest. Many experimental studies have been carried out using conventional heating equipment at lab scale, where researchers try to obtain insight into the process. However, heat transfer from the energy source to the fluid stream entering the reactor may be ineffective, so slow heating occurs that produces a series of undesirable reactions, especially char formation and tar formation. This paper reviews the limitations due to different factors affecting heat transfer, such as low Reynolds numbers or laminar flow regimes, unknown real fluid temperature as this is usually measured on the tubing surface, the strong change in physical properties of water from subcritical to supercritical that boosts a deterioration in heat transfer, and the insufficient mixing, among others. In addition, some troubleshooting and new perspectives in the design of efficient and effective devices are described and proposed to enhance heat transfer, which is an essential aspect in the experimental studies of SCWG to move it forward to a larger scale.

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Section: Experimental Deficiencies and Feasible Troubleshootingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Transfer Limitations in Supercritical Water Gasification

et al. 2021

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“…Other types of processes such as pyrolysis and gasification are not a suitable choice because, the high water content of plastics recovered from the ocean would require a drying step, An interesting application is that related to the removal of microplastics from the marine environment. Other types of processes such as pyrolysis and gasification are not a suitable choice because, the high water content of plastics recovered from the ocean would require a drying step, which would significantly increase the cost of recycling [103]. At present, there are few studies on the characteristics of plastic supercritical water gasification and how plastics react with supercritical water.…”

Section: Scwg Of Plasticmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Review of SCWG in the Context of Available Gasification Technologies for Plastic Waste

Ciuffi

Chiaramonti

Rizzo³

et al. 2020

Applied Sciences

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End of life packaging is nowadays one of the major environmental problems due to its short usage time, the low biodegradability, and the big volume occupied. In this context, gasification is one of the most promising chemical recycling techniques. Some non-recyclable or non-compostable waste gasification plants are already operating such as Enerkem Alberta Biofuels in Canada or the Sierra’s FastOx Pathfinder in California. In this review, we have examined works about plastic gasification from the last fifteen years with a specific focus on polyolefin (PP, PE), plastics mix, and co-gasification of plastic with biomass. For each of these, the best operating conditions were investigated. A very in-depth section was dedicated to supercritical water gasification (SCWG). The most used reactors in gasification processes are fluidized bed reactors together with air or steam as gasifying agents. Tar removal is commonly performed using olivine, dolomite, or nickel based catalysts. SCWG has numerous advantages including the inhibition of tar and coke formation and can be used to remove microplastics from the marine environment. In co-gasification of plastic material with coal or biomass, synergistic effects are observed between the raw materials, which improve the performance of the process, allowing to obtain higher gas yields and a syngas with a high energy content.

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“…In the Kraft papermaking process, every ton of pulp produced results in 10 tons of black liquor . Such levels of waste generation via papermaking is the worldwide norm . The vision of a sustainable papermaking process is imagined in this work: the transformation of black liquor from a liability to a resource for producing value‐added products …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[4] Such levels of waste generation via papermaking is the worldwide norm. [5,6] The vision of a sustainable papermaking process is imagined in this work: the transformation of black liquor from a liability to a resource for producing value-added products. [7,8] In recent years, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been shown to be useful precursors for synthesizing graphene quantum dots (GQDs) with appealing optical properties.…”

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confidence: 99%

Building a Bridge from Papermaking to Solar Fuels

et al. 2019

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Black liquor, an industrial waste product of papermaking, is primarily used as a low‐grade combustible energy source. Despite its high lignin content, the potential utility of black liquor as a feedstock in products manufacturing, remains to be exploited. Demonstrated here in is the use of black liquor as a primary feed‐stock for synthesizing graphene quantum dots that exhibit both up‐conversion and photoluminescence when excited using visible/near‐infrared radiation, thereby enabling the photosensitization of ultraviolet‐absorbing TiO2 nanosheets. In addition, these graphene quantum dots can trap photo‐generated electrons to realize the effective separation of electron‐hole pairs. Together, these two processes facilitate the solar‐powered generation of H2 from H2O, and CO from H2O–CO2, using broadband solar radiation.

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Supercritical water gasification of wastes from the paper industry

Cited by 26 publications

References 22 publications

Heat Transfer Limitations in Supercritical Water Gasification

Heat Transfer Limitations in Supercritical Water Gasification

A Critical Review of SCWG in the Context of Available Gasification Technologies for Plastic Waste

Building a Bridge from Papermaking to Solar Fuels

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