Superficial fungal infections in the department of dermatology, University Hospital Jena: A 7‐year retrospective study on 4556 samples from 2007 to 2013

Abstract

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. Abstract Background: Superficial fungal infections are often seen in day-to-day clinical practice, and their prevalence continues to rise worldwide. Over the years, a change in the pattern of dermatophytoses has been noted. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the epidemiologic profile of dermatophytes at the Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Jena, from 2007 to 2013. Methods: The retrospective study was carried out with a total of 4556 samples collected from 3607 patients suspected of superficial fungal infections during the 7-year study period. Results: Among the 3607 suspected patients, 1951 (54.09%) were men and 1656 (45.91%) were women. Of 4556 samples, 703 (15.43%) samples were positive for fungal culture, which included 585 (83.21%) dermatophytes and 118 (16.79%) nondermatophytes. Trichophyton (T.) rubrum was the most common isolated pathogen in 73.33% of the dermatophyte cases. Among dermatophyte-infected patients, menwere most likely to be affected (63.48%) as well as those of higher age (61 to 80). The most commonly affected areas were nails (33.16%) and feet (33%). T rubrum was recurrently isolated in several regions with exception of the scalp where M canis (58.33%) was the most frequently isolated pathogen. About 16.04% of cases had a history of treatment taken prior to sampling. The majority of the affected individuals did not have any prior animal contact (77.26%). T benhamiae was exclusively associated with contact to guinea pigs. Conclusion: Trichophyton rubrum was the most frequently isolated pathogen in several regions except the scalp. New dermatophyte species emerged with time especially T benhamiae. | 559 GAMAGE Et Al.

Prevalence of superficial‐cutaneous fungal infections in Shiraz, Iran: A five‐year retrospective study (2015–2019)

“…We reported that dermatophytosis was the second common type of SFI (34.8%), which is in line with previous studies 7 . However, in epidemiologic studies in China, Turkey, and Germany, 82%, 74%, and 83.2% of dermatophytosis were reported, respectively 26,28,31 . In this study, the nails were the most affected anatomic site in the patients, as similarly reported in Egypt and Southern China 18,27 .…”

Epidemiology of Dermatophytoses in Switzerland According to a Survey of Dermatophytes Isolated in Lausanne between 2001 and 2018

“…The present study provides insights into the prevailing dermatophytes in Switzerland. It reveals the dominance of T. rubrum as reported in Europe since the nineties [4,5,17,18], the incidence of T. violaceum and T. soudanense causing tinea capitis in patients of African and Mediterranean origin (mostly immigrants), and the appreciable frequency of T. mentagrophytes, T. benhamiae and M. canis as zoophilic species in the young Swiss autochthonous population.…”

Superficial mycoses, a matter of concern: Global and Indian scenario‐an updated analysis

“…The significance of some important non-dermatophyte moulds, such as Cladosporium, Alternaria, Fusarium, Scopulariopsis, Chaetomium, Sarocladium and Bipolaris in causing skin infections, has been well documented. 37,[60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67] Moreover, in cutaneous mucormycosis, the most frequently encountered genera include Rhizopus, Mucor, Lichthemia and Apophysomyces. [68][69][70][71][72] Among the yeasts, Candida is considered to be the most common fungal pathogen affecting humans.…”

“…35,[157][158][159][160][161][162][163][164][165] On the other hand, some of the studies conducted in Iran, Poland, Malaysia, Singapore, Canada, Melbourne and Germany reported a higher incidence of superficial mycoses in males than females. 67,[166][167][168][169][170][171] Therefore, it seems difficult to categorise the most prevalent sex group affected by superficial mycoses as prevalence may depend on a number of factors, such as hormonal regulation, environmental factors, genetic predisposition, ethnic, social and cultural background. 172…”

“…According to Machouart et al 59 only two species of Scytalidium , that is S. dimidiatum and S. hyalinum , are responsible for approximately 40% of superficial infections among humans in tropical and subtropical countries. The significance of some important non‐dermatophyte moulds, such as Cladosporium , Alternaria , Fusarium , Scopulariopsis , Chaetomium , Sarocladium and Bipolaris in causing skin infections, has been well documented 37,60‐67 . Moreover, in cutaneous mucormycosis, the most frequently encountered genera include Rhizopus , Mucor , Lichthemia and Apophysomyces 68‐72 …”