Superficie glaciar actual en los Pirineos: Una actualización para 2016

Rico, Ibai; Izagirre, Eñaut; Cañadas, Enrique Serrano; López‐Moreno, Juan I.

doi:10.3989/pirineos.2017.172004

Cited by 31 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…La superficie du glacier d'Ossoue était de 44,9 ha dans l'inventaire de 2011 (Marti et al, 2015a) et de 37.2 +/-4,9 ha dans l'inventaire de 2016 (Rico et al, 2017). La diminution de la surface du glacier d'Ossoue entre 2011 et 2016 était donc de l'ordre de 1,5 ha par an, alors qu'elle est de 4,3 ha pour la seule année hydrologique 2016-2017 à cause du détachement de la langue orientale.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Le glacier d'Ossoue prend sa source au-dessus de 3000 m d'altitude dans la dépression située entre le Vignemale et le Pic Central et s'écoule vers l'est. Il est actuellement le deuxième plus grand glacier pyrénéen, le plus grand du versant français (René, 2011;Rico et al, 2017). De plus, parmi les glaciers pyrénéens, le glacier d'Ossoue est sans doute celui dont on connaît le mieux l'évolution depuis la fin du Petit Âge Glaciaire, c'est-à-dire depuis 1850, grâce à de multiples documents d'archives (René 2013;Marti et al, 2015a).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Évolution recente des glaciers du Vignemale (2013-2017)

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René²

2018

Pirineos

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[fr] Les glaciers d’Ossoue, du Petit Vignemale et des Oulettes sont les trois derniers glaciers du massif du Vignemale. Le plus grand d’entre eux, le glacier d’Ossoue, est l’un des mieux documentés dans les Pyrénées. Son évolution est un indicateur précieux des fluctuations du climat au sud-ouest de l’Europe. Une étude précédente de reconstruction du glacier d’Ossoue s’arrêtait en 2013 (Marti et al., 2015a). Nous présentons ici une mise à jour de son bilan de masse entre 2013 et 2017. Une carte de changement d’élévation a été produite à 4 m de résolution spatiale à partir de deux couples stéréoscopiques acquis par le système Pléiades à la fin des années glaciologiques 2013 et 2017. Les changements de hauteurs sont similaires à ceux mesurés par l’association Moraine au niveau de balises d’ablation sur la même période. Les données Pléiades permettent aussi d’estimer le bilan de masse des glaciers des Oulettes et du Petit Vignemale qui ne sont pas équipés de balises. Ainsi, entre 2013 et 2017, les bilans de masse des glaciers d’Ossoue, des Oulettes et du Petit Vignemale sont respectivement -5,2 +/- 0,5 m we, -4,0 +/- 0,9 m we et -4,2 +/- 0,9 m we. Les données Pléiades montrent que le glacier d’Ossoue s’amincit plus rapidement au centre du Plateau des Neiges, ce qui peut s’expliquer par une accumulation de neige plus réduite dans cette zone par rapport aux bordures du glacier.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Section: Introductionunclassified

Évolution recente des glaciers du Vignemale (2013-2017)

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René²

2018

Pirineos

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“…Most studies for Alpine regions project reduced soil water content as a result of increasing evaporation, thinner snowpack, and earlier snowmelt (Wu et al, 2015;Barnhart, 2016). This will lead to increased water demand for irrigation (Jasper et al, 2004;Schaldach et al, 2012;Riediger et al, 2014) and will add to the changes in water availability resulting from changing snow and glacier melt (Smith et al, 2014). The effects of more frequent climatic and hydrological droughts in the future (Gob-iet et al, 2014) will affect both croplands and grasslands.…”

Section: Agriculturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Together with generally decreasing summer discharge, this will more frequently create low flow conditions which largely favor increasing water temperatures in streams with negative consequences for water quality and the aquatic fauna. Longterm water-management strategies will be important to face these challenges and to ensure that future agricultural water needs can be met (Riediger et al, 2014).…”

Section: Agriculturementioning

confidence: 99%

The European mountain cryosphere: a review of its current state, trends, and future challenges

et al. 2018

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Abstract. The mountain cryosphere of mainland Europe is recognized to have important impacts on a range of environmental processes. In this paper, we provide an overview on the current knowledge on snow, glacier, and permafrost processes, as well as their past, current, and future evolution. We additionally provide an assessment of current cryosphere research in Europe and point to the different domains requiring further research. Emphasis is given to our understanding of climate–cryosphere interactions, cryosphere controls on physical and biological mountain systems, and related impacts. By the end of the century, Europe's mountain cryosphere will have changed to an extent that will impact the landscape, the hydrological regimes, the water resources, and the infrastructure. The impacts will not remain confined to the mountain area but also affect the downstream lowlands, entailing a wide range of socioeconomical consequences. European mountains will have a completely different visual appearance, in which low- and mid-range-altitude glaciers will have disappeared and even large valley glaciers will have experienced significant retreat and mass loss. Due to increased air temperatures and related shifts from solid to liquid precipitation, seasonal snow lines will be found at much higher altitudes, and the snow season will be much shorter than today. These changes in snow and ice melt will cause a shift in the timing of discharge maxima, as well as a transition of runoff regimes from glacial to nival and from nival to pluvial. This will entail significant impacts on the seasonality of high-altitude water availability, with consequences for water storage and management in reservoirs for drinking water, irrigation, and hydropower production. Whereas an upward shift of the tree line and expansion of vegetation can be expected into current periglacial areas, the disappearance of permafrost at lower altitudes and its warming at higher elevations will likely result in mass movements and process chains beyond historical experience. Future cryospheric research has the responsibility not only to foster awareness of these expected changes and to develop targeted strategies to precisely quantify their magnitude and rate of occurrence but also to help in the development of approaches to adapt to these changes and to mitigate their consequences. Major joint efforts are required in the domain of cryospheric monitoring, which will require coordination in terms of data availability and quality. In particular, we recognize the quantification of high-altitude precipitation as a key source of uncertainty in projections of future changes. Improvements in numerical modeling and a better understanding of process chains affecting high-altitude mass movements are the two further fields that – in our view – future cryospheric research should focus on.

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“…Minor readvances and glacier equilibrium (5) occur during the last decades of the 19th century, with a common advance around 1890, until the twenties of the 20th century, after the LIA has finished. Later, glaciers retreat accelerated with small and intermittent advances in some glaciers, as Oulettes of Gaube with short progress in 1945 and 1964 (Grove and Gellatly, 1995;René, 2013), until the drastic retreat with sudden lost of mass, as response to strong disequilibrium with current climate conditions (Chueca et al, 2007;López-Moreno et al, 2016), interrupted only by small equilibrium periods at the end of the 70´s and 80´s (Martínez de Pisón and Arenillas, 1988;Martínez de Pisón et al, 1995;Grove and Gellatly, 1995;René, 2001René, , 2003René, , 2013, before the disappearance of the most LIA glaciers and the conservation of only 19 glaciers in 2016 (Rico et al, 2017).…”

Section: The Lia In the Pyrenees: A Review Of Glacier Stagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surge glaciers during the Little Ice Age in the Pyrenees

Cañadas

Moreno

2018

CIG

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Historical moraine complexes and erosional features are interesting elements to discern the historical climate changes and evolution, with a complex chronologies that help us to understand the dynamics and glacier evolution during the Little Ice Age (LIA). The existence of landforms as crevasses-squeeze ridges, hummocky moraines and flutes, related to different glacier advances and retreats, allows understanding in a better way the LIA glacier evolution in the Pyrenees. The aim of this work is to show how many LIA moraine complexes have traces of fast flow ice; when the surge dynamic happened; his extent and the environmental meaning. Based on glacier landsystem analysis we have established a work hypothesis on the fast flow or surge dynamic glaciers during the LIA, with geomorphological features, as flutes and push and hummocky moraines, at least in 17 LIA glacier complexes. The analysis of morphosquences by fieldwork, photo interpretation and historical sources in 8 selected LIA moraine complexes have been compared with previous climatic reconstructions creating a hypothesis about the response of the LIA glaciers to the short time changes in temperature and moisture.The glacier cirques with fast flow features are found in the highest mountains with summits above 3000 m., mainly northern oriented (88%) and without a significant lithology. The studied complexes (Central Infierno, Eastern Infierno, Oulettes de Gaube, Monte Perdido, Marboré, La Paúl, Literola and Tempestades) show 4 morphological units: a frontal moraine system (U1); a more voluminous moraine (U2); a little push and hummocky moraines complex linking with flutes (U3); and minor arcs up valley (U4). The U3 belongs to a fast flow stage or surging and by morphostratigraphy we can point out that the surge processes were produced between 1820 and 1840, at the end of the LIA. We related it with a possible climatic response to sudden cooling and the increase of winter precipitation with melt-water availability and quick ice melting during the summer, generating hydrodynamic changes in the small glaciers and quick dynamic response.

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Superficie glaciar actual en los Pirineos: Una actualización para 2016

Cited by 31 publications

References 12 publications

Évolution recente des glaciers du Vignemale (2013-2017)

Évolution recente des glaciers du Vignemale (2013-2017)

The European mountain cryosphere: a review of its current state, trends, and future challenges

Surge glaciers during the Little Ice Age in the Pyrenees

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