Superfine and Ultrafine Grinding— A Literature Survey

Orumwense, Osawaru A.; Forssberg, Eric

doi:10.1080/08827509208914216

Cited by 70 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Another reason for concern could be the creation of fine dust particles if the target grain size is strongly decreased to compensate for low weathering rates. Even at grain size targets above 10 m, a certain share could be below this threshold [31], which implies potential health risks from respiration [32]. One possibility to overcome this problem would be the creation of a slurry to keep small particles on the ground.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A smaller target grain size increases the overall energy demand for the rock grinding (dependency shown in SI C) and thus costs. The production of ultrafine particles (<10 m) is technically feasible, but will require exceptionally large amounts of energy and special equipment, resulting in higher capital costs [31]. Higher capital and operation costs per ton of rock may also be expected due to longer processing times in the mills.…”

Section: Techno-economic Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential and costs of carbon dioxide removal by enhanced weathering of rocks

Strefler

Amann

Bauer

et al. 2018

Environ. Res. Lett.

227

207

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The chemical weathering of rocks currently absorbs about 1.1 Gt CO 2 a −1 being mainly stored as bicarbonate in the ocean. An enhancement of this slow natural process could remove substantial amounts of CO 2 from the atmosphere, aiming to offset some unavoidable anthropogenic emissions in order to comply with the Paris Agreement, while at the same time it may decrease ocean acidification. We provide the first comprehensive assessment of economic costs, energy requirements, technical parameterization, and global and regional carbon removal potential. The crucial parameters defining this potential are the grain size and weathering rates. The main uncertainties about the potential relate to weathering rates and rock mass that can be integrated into the soil. The discussed results do not specifically address the enhancement of weathering through microbial processes, feedback of geogenic nutrient release, and bioturbation. We do not only assess dunite rock, predominantly bearing olivine (in the form of forsterite) as the mineral that has been previously proposed to be best suited for carbon removal, but focus also on basaltic rock to minimize potential negative side effects. Our results show that enhanced weathering is an option for carbon dioxide removal that could be competitive already at 60 US $ t −1 CO 2 removed for dunite, but only at 200 US $ t −1 CO 2 removed for basalt. The potential carbon removal on cropland areas could be as large as 95 Gt CO 2 a −1 for dunite and 4.9 Gt CO 2 a −1 for basalt. The best suited locations are warm and humid areas, particularly in India, Brazil, South-East Asia and China, where almost 75% of the global potential can be realized. This work presents a techno-economic assessment framework, which also allows for the incorporation of further processes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Techno-economic Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential and costs of carbon dioxide removal by enhanced weathering of rocks

Strefler

Amann

Bauer

et al. 2018

Environ. Res. Lett.

227

207

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“…It is also known that different ball mills (such as planetary and tumbling ball mills) destruct heavily the fibrous structure of wood (Fukuzawa et al 1982;Mikushina et al 2003) and cause a drastic decrease in the cellulose crystallinity (Gharpuray et al 1983;Rivers and Emert 1987;Stubičar et al 1998;Da Silva et al 2010). All mentioned mill types employ grinding media in the milling and are classified as media mills (Orumwense and Forssberg 1992), whereas nonmedia mills involve mills like jet, impact, and cutting mills. There are certain differences between the milling modes of these two milling types.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effect of mild torrefaction on pulverization of Norway spruce (Picea abies) by oscillatory ball milling: particle morphology and cellulose crystallinity

Karinkanta¹,

Illikainen²,

Niinimäki³

2013

Holzforschung

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The effects of mild torrefaction on the pulverization of Norway spruce sawdust have been studied. To this end, sawdust was dried and torrefied below 230°C for different periods of time to obtain samples with mass losses (ML) of 0.2%, 1.4%, and 2.8%, milled in an oscillatory ball mill, and the particle morphology and cellulose crystallinity of the powders were studied. The pretreatment leading to 0.2% ML had no effect on grindability, but that resulting in 1.4% ML improved grindability and a median particle size below 17.4 ± 0.2 μm was attained. Torrefaction involving 2.8% ML reduced the specific energy consumption more than 21% when the targeted median particle size of the torrefied wood was between 18.7 ± 0.5 and 79 ± 3 μm. The mild torrefaction had a negligible influence on the aspect ratio distribution and cellulose crystallinity in the ball-milled wood.

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“…The choice of the equipment for superfine and ultrafine grinding depends on the end-use of product, required product size distribution, purity requirements, etc [37]. Comparison of the grinding performance of conventional ball mill and attrition mill has been reported and better performance of the latter was observed [38].…”

Section: Effect Of the Mixture Powder Methods On The Composites' Propementioning

confidence: 97%