Supergene and Hypogene Halloysite in a Porphyry-Epithermal Environment at Cerro la Mina, Chiapas, Mexico

Kyne, Roisin; Jansen, Nicholas H.; Cooke, David R.

doi:10.2113/econgeo.108.5.1147

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The vertical distribution, rather than a horizontal distribution of a paleogroundwater table, argues against the possibility of a steam-heated or supergene origin for the halloysite alteration (e.g., Hedenquist et al, 2000). In addition, the association of halloysite with sulfides (Kyne et al, 2013) that have 34 S values consistent with a magmatic source supports a hypogene origin.…”

Section: Cerro La Mina Stage 3-4 Alterationmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…7A, B, E); below this, the alteration changes to halloysite + kaolinite, which has been recognized to at least 800-m depth ( Fig. 7B, E; Kyne et al, 2013).…”

Section: Alterationmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The sulfides occur in veinlets along with illite, adularia, chlorite, and later calcite and rare manganocalcite alteration; extensive biotite and potassic feldspar alteration also occurs as veinlets and disseminations (Miranda-Gasca et al, 2009). An unusual feature of the prospect is that the advanced argillic alteration contains abundant hypogene halloysite-kaolinite alteration that extends to 800-m depth (Kyne et al, 2013).…”

Section: Porphyry and Epithermal Mineralization In Northern Chiapasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SWIR spectral analyses of ~2,000 drill core and surface samples were obtained using a TerraSpec ASD spectrometer Spectral interpretation and feature extraction of spectra previously collected by Brigus Gold geologists and spectra during our study was done using the software TSG™ Pro version 5. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis from Kyne et al (2013) and 20 samples were analyzed at the University of Ballarat, Australia, using Siemens D500 and D501 diffractometers with Fefiltered CoKα radiation. Forty-three samples were stained for the occurrence of K-feldspar following the methods described in Bailey and Stevens (1960).…”

Section: Mineralizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geology and Genesis of the Cerro la Mina Porphyry-High Sulfidation Au (Cu-Mo) Prospect, Mexico

et al. 2017

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The Cerro la Mina Au (Cu-Mo) porphyry-high sulfidation prospect is located in Chiapas State, southeastern Mexico, outside of the major metallogenic provinces of Mexico. The prospect is hosted by Pleistocene alkaline volcanic rocks of the Chiapanecan volcanic arc that formed in a complex triple-junction tectonic setting. Cerro la Mina's stratigraphy comprises pyroclastic flows that were intruded by monzodiorites and diorites at 1.04 ± 0.04 Ma (U-Pb, zircon), and that were overlain by debris flows and synvolcanic trachyandesite domes. The volcanic stratigraphy of Cerro la Mina is dominated by pyroclastic flows and rare basalts that are cut by the Cerro la Mina breccia pipe, a matrix-rich granular, vertically oriented, downward-tapering, polymict lithic rock unit that is host to all of the significant alteration and mineralization. A NW-trending sinistral wrench fault, which was active throughout the history of Cerro la Mina, is responsible for dismembering the prospect after mineralization. The magmatic hydrothermal system was composed of early porphyry-style potassic veins (quartz + K-feldspar ± biotite) and stage 1 pyrite that are preserved in clasts within the breccia pipe, suggesting that brecciation disrupted an embryonic porphyry system. Late potassic alteration occurred after the formation of the breccia pipe, as its matrix is strongly K-feldspar altered. Hydrothermal fluids then produced phyllic alteration composed of quartz, muscovite, illite, illite-smectite, and chlorite that is associated with stage 2 pyrite ± chalcopyrite ± molybdenite ± quartz veins. An unusual zoned pattern of advanced argillic-argillic alteration overprinted potassic and phyllic alteration. This zoning included a low-temperature (<110°C) halloysite + kaolinite that extends from 800 to 250 m below present-day surface and is deeper than higher temperature (>120°C) quartz + dickite ± kaolinite ± pyrophyllite ± alunite that occurs from 250 m to the present-day surface. The advanced argillic-argillic altered rocks host the most significant Au-Cu mineralization, which is associated with stage 3 marcasite, sphalerite, galena, and barite, and stage 4 arsenian pyrite ± enargite ± covellite. The magmatic hydrothermal system at Cerro la Mina began sometime between monzodiorite emplacement (1.04 ± 0.04 Ma; zircon U-Pb) and the precipitation of porphyry stage 2 molybdenite at 780 ± 10 ka (Re-Os). 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dating of biotite (689 ± 13 ka) records the age at which the hydrothermal system cooled below the biotite closure temperature of ~300°C and provides a maximum estimate for the onset of advanced argillicargillic alteration. Sulfur isotope results of sulfides (-2.5 to +4.9‰; mean +0.7‰; n = 20) and a sulfate (barite; +10.5‰; n = 1) suggest a magmatic source of sulfur for all four stages of mineralization. The lack of residual quartz, rare alunite, and anomalous halloysite-kaolinite alteration may be explained by the high acid-buffering capacity of alkaline volcanic host rocks, high CO2 contents of the alkaline magma, and/or potentially by a h...

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Section: Cerro La Mina Stage 3-4 Alterationmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…7A, B, E); below this, the alteration changes to halloysite + kaolinite, which has been recognized to at least 800-m depth ( Fig. 7B, E; Kyne et al, 2013).…”

Section: Alterationmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Porphyry and Epithermal Mineralization In Northern Chiapasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mineralizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geology and Genesis of the Cerro la Mina Porphyry-High Sulfidation Au (Cu-Mo) Prospect, Mexico

et al. 2017

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“…Hal tersebut sejalan dengan nilai pH tanah ± 6 walaupun di lingkungan batugamping yang kaya kalsium. Kyne et al, (2013) mengatakan bahwa haloisit dan kaolinit secara kimia mempunyai rumus yang sama namun dibedakan oleh strukturnya. Haloisit berbentuk memanjang seperti tabung sedangkan kaolinit berlembar.…”

Section: Analisis Xrd Fraksi Lempung Tanahunclassified

Material Volkanik Sebagai Penyusun Utama Tanah Merah Di Atas Batuan Karbonat Karangsari Wonosari

Mulyanto

2021

JTA

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Gejala kewarnaan tanah yang berkembang pada batuan karbonat yang secara umum berwarna putih sangat menarik untuk dikaji mineralnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menelaah komposisi mineral tanah. Analisis sifat mineral meliput: mineral fraksi pasir halus (bubuk) dan fraksi lempung tanah, serta batugamping yang membawahi tanah tersebut. Identifikasi mineral mengunnakan XRD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mineral haloisit 7 oA sangat mendominasi fraksi lempung tanah, disamping oksida-oksida besi khususnya gutit. Fraksi pasir halus menunjukkan mineral feldspar, biotit, kristobalit dan kuarsa pada lapisan pertama sedangkan lapisan bawah terdiri atas gutit, maghemit-magnetit, kuarsa, dan rhodokrosit. Analisis mineral batugamping (powder) menunjukkan mineral kalsit sangat dominan, sedangkan mineral yang lain adalah kuarsa dan maghemit-magnetit. Berdasarkan komposisi mineral baik fraksi pasir maupun lempung, serta nisbah Fe tanah/ batuan, diduga bahwa bahan induk tanah banyak dipengaruhi oleh material volkanik.

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Rapid alteration of fractured volcanic conduits beneath Mt Unzen

et al. 2021

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The nature of sub-volcanic alteration is usually only observable after erosion and exhumation at old inactive volcanoes, via geochemical changes in hydrothermal fluids sampled at the surface, via relatively low-resolution geophysical methods or can be inferred from erupted products. These methods are spatially or temporally removed from the real subsurface and thus provide only indirect information. In contrast, the ICDP deep drilling of the Mt Unzen volcano subsurface affords a snapshot into the in situ interaction between the dacitic dykes that fed dome-forming eruptions and the sub-volcanic hydrothermal system, where the most recent lava dome eruption occurred between 1990 and 1995. Here, we analyse drill core samples from hole USDP-4, constraining their degree and type of alteration. We identify and characterize two clay alteration stages: (1) an unusual argillic alteration infill of fractured or partially dissolved plagioclase and hornblende phenocryst domains with kaolinite and Reichweite 1 illite (70)-smectite and (2) propylitic alteration of amphibole and biotite phenocrysts with the fracture-hosted precipitation of chlorite, sulfide and carbonate minerals. These observations imply that the early clay-forming fluid was acidic and probably had a magmatic component, which is indicated for the fluids related to the second chlorite-carbonate stage by our stable carbon and oxygen isotope data. The porosity in the dyke samples is dominantly fracture-hosted, and fracture-filling mineralization is common, suggesting that the dykes were fractured during magma transport, emplacement and cooling, and that subsequent permeable circulation of hydrothermal fluids led to pore clogging and potential partial sealing of the pore network on a timescale of ~ 9 years from cessation of the last eruption. These observations, in concert with evidence that intermediate, crystal-bearing magmas are susceptible to fracturing during ascent and emplacement, lead us to suggest that arc volcanoes enclosed in highly fractured country rock are susceptible to rapid hydrothermal circulation and alteration, with implications for the development of fluid flow, mineralization, stress regime and volcanic edifice structural stability. We explore these possibilities in the context of alteration at other similar volcanoes.

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Supergene and Hypogene Halloysite in a Porphyry-Epithermal Environment at Cerro la Mina, Chiapas, Mexico

Cited by 8 publications

References 31 publications

Geology and Genesis of the Cerro la Mina Porphyry-High Sulfidation Au (Cu-Mo) Prospect, Mexico

Geology and Genesis of the Cerro la Mina Porphyry-High Sulfidation Au (Cu-Mo) Prospect, Mexico

Material Volkanik Sebagai Penyusun Utama Tanah Merah Di Atas Batuan Karbonat Karangsari Wonosari

Rapid alteration of fractured volcanic conduits beneath Mt Unzen

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