Superhydrophobic conjugated microporous polymer-coated sponges: Synthesis and application for highly efficient oil/water separation and the recovery of palladium ions

Xu, Liang; Zang, Yu; Reviriego, Pedro; Wu, Yunfeng; Pan, Yishan; Wu, Tingting; Tang, Yinshuang; Cui, Jia; Jia, Hongge; Miao, Fengjuan

doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118291

Cited by 31 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…CMPs were prepared based on the method reported by Xu et al 37 1,4-diethynylbenzene (0.126 g, 1.00 mmol), 1,3,5tribromobenzene (0.210 g, 0.67 mmol), CuI (0.009 g, 0.05 mmol), Pd(PPh 3 ) 2 Cl 2 (0.035 g, 0.05 mmol), PPh 3 (0.131 g, 0.50 mmol) were dissolved in a mixture of toluene (15 ml) and Et 3 N (20 ml) under nitrogen gas protection. After degassing with nitrogen gas for 10 min, the reaction system was gradually heated to 85 C and stirred for 30 h under a nitrogen atmosphere.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Cmpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conjugated microporous polymer‐coated sponges for effectively removal of oils and trace aromatic pollutions in water

Hasi

Guo

Wang

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Efficient elimination of organics or oils in water has become a global concern due to their severely environmental pollution. In this work, two kinds of absorbents based on the doping of conjugated microporous polymers onto sponges (CMPs@sponges) were prepared by in situ Sonogashira‐Hagihara coupling reaction of the monomers in the presence of melamine sponge. The as‐synthesized CMPs@sponges possess excellent thermal and physicochemical stability. Owing to the excellent hydrophobic character of the CMPs@sponges, which exhibit high oil/water separation efficiency through adsorption process. The CMPs@sponges show desirable ability for the adsorption of oils and organic solvents with the values of 24–64 g/g and 13–36 g/g, and the adsorption properties remain unchanged after 10 cycles with excellent cycling stability. Even the CMPs@sponges are immersed in different pH solutions, which still maintain their original superhydrophobicity. In addition, CMPs@sponges can constantly separate and recover oil and organic solvent based on the help of vacuum pump, and the separation efficiency still remained above 95% after 10 repetitions. It was worth noting that the CMPs@sponges can remove not only the organic solvents but also the trace benzene contaminants from water, and with the removal rate of more than 85%. Furthermore, the as‐synthesized CMPs@sponges possess high oil/water separation properties that may be attributed to the physical adsorption, and the π‐π interactions and hydrophobic interactions. Therefore, due to the designable flexibility of CMPs, which make the CMPs‐based novel materials are excepted to an excellent candidate for applications of oil/water separation and water purification.

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Section: Synthesis Of Cmpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Turned on the vacuum pump switch and the oil slick were absorbed by the modified sponge and pumped continuously into the oil collecting bottle along with the hose. The continuous oil-water separation efficiency (η) of CMPs@sponges was calculated by the following formula 37 :…”

Section: Separation Of Oil/water Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conjugated microporous polymer‐coated sponges for effectively removal of oils and trace aromatic pollutions in water

Hasi

Guo

Wang

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…In addition, the Pd(II) adsorption performance of single-site and multisite adsorbents reported in the literature was compared (Table S3). − Among the previously reported research studies, PAF-1-N 4 showed good performance of deep removal capacity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Nanoporous Aromatic Framework with Bulky Binding Groups for Palladium Recovery

Zhao

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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Effective extraction of palladium from secondary resources is a promising solution for the sustainable utilization of precious metals. A cyclic molecule containing four N atoms was modified on a nanoporous aromatic framework (PAF) to give PAF-1-N 4 , which provided a meaningful route to introduce bulky molecules with multiple coordination sites into the PAF materials. Through the interaction of multiple binding sites to Pd(II), PAF-1-N 4 showed rapid and deep adsorption of Pd(II) at a low initial concentration. The maximum Pd(II) adsorption capacity of PAF-1-N 4 reached 299.4 mg g −1 , and PAF-1-N 4 reduced the concentration of Pd(II) from 5.35 ppm to 84 ppb within 5 min and finally to 42 ppb within 60 min. After the in situ reduction, the obtained Pd@ PAF-1-N 4 exhibited good catalytic activity and reusability for the Suzuki−Miyaura coupling reaction in five-cycle catalytic experiments, thus realizing its sustainable utilization of palladium extracted from secondary resources.

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“…The poor processability of CMPs is therefore a major challenge in CMP chemistry, largely preventing the "real-life" application of such materials. Consequently, recent advances have focused on the development of new protocols enabling the formation of CMPs as membranes, [69] films, [70,71] aerogels, [72,73] sponges, [74,75] hydrogels, [76] or coatings. [77] As example, for filtration and separation applications, CMP membranes exhibit high resistance to organic solvents/vapors owing to their allrigid conjugated systems, [78] while for adsorption applications, the conjugated structure of CMPs yield a strong affinity toward aromatic (π-π interactions) [79] and cationic molecules (cation-π interactions).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macroscale Conjugated Microporous Polymers: Controlling Versatile Functionalities Over Several Dimensions

et al. 2022

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covalently bonded organic moieties. Because of their unique properties derived from their tunable porous structures and the multiple functional groups, which can be included in their backbones, POPs have been actively investigated for multiple applications including gas storage/separation, [2,3] catalysis, [4][5][6] optoelectronics, [7,8] sensing, [9][10][11] energy storage, and conversion. [12,13] Aside from their high specific surface areas, they furthermore show excellent chemical stability, light-weight and a versatile chemistry for modification and functionalization. POPs can be further classified into two categories based on their crystallinity. Crystalline POPs are usually summarized under the name covalent organic frameworks [14][15][16] (COFs). Amorphous POPs are further divided, based on their structure or construction principles into hyper-crosslinked polymers [17,18] (HCPs), polymers of intrinsic microporosity [19,20] (PIMs), porous aromatic frameworks [21,22] (PAFs), and others. Recent research has seen increasing interest on amorphous POPs, especially when their skeleton is π-conjugated. In these highly porous networks, π-conjugation is superimposed with meso-/microporosities, i.e., electron transport in the polymer backbone is accompanied by mass transport in the porous system, which enable many intriguing properties and applications, e.g., in energy storage and conversion, [23,24] or optoelectronics. [25,26] As such, the importance of π-conjugation in porous polymer networks has defined another emerging functional POP class-the conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs). As mentioned, such CMPs [27] are a unique class of POPs exhibiting extended π-conjugated structures and permanent nanopores (Table S1). Earlier, McKeown et al. [28] discussed an important concept of preparing robust nanoporous materials by the covalent binding of planar molecules via a rigid spirocyclic linker. In 2007, Cooper et al. [29] reported a highly cross-linked, microporous poly(arylene ethynylene)s network, thus the first microporous polymer network with distinct π-conjugation and introduced the term "conjugated microporous polymer (CMP)" for this class of materials. Since their discovery, CMPs chemistry has intrigued scientists across the globe and been promoted rapidly, resulting in a strong growth in publications over the last decade. For instance, Thomas et al. [30] reported a spirobifluorene-type CMP with stable interface and application potential in organic light emitting diodes Since discovered in 2007, conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) have been developed for numerous applications including gas adsorption, sensing, organic and photoredox catalysis, energy storage, etc. While featuring abundant micropores, the structural rigidity derived from CMPs' stable π-conjugated skeleton leads to insolubility and thus poor processability, which severely limits their applicability, e.g., in CMP-based devices. Hence, the development of CMPs whose structure can not only be controlled on the micro-but also on the macroscale have...

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Superhydrophobic conjugated microporous polymer-coated sponges: Synthesis and application for highly efficient oil/water separation and the recovery of palladium ions

Cited by 31 publications

References 54 publications

Conjugated microporous polymer‐coated sponges for effectively removal of oils and trace aromatic pollutions in water

Conjugated microporous polymer‐coated sponges for effectively removal of oils and trace aromatic pollutions in water

Nanoporous Aromatic Framework with Bulky Binding Groups for Palladium Recovery

Macroscale Conjugated Microporous Polymers: Controlling Versatile Functionalities Over Several Dimensions

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