“…Taking into account the insulating characteristics of air, a constant phase element, CPE po , was incorporated to describe the trapped air. The air trapped within the film functions similarly to a dielectric in a parallel-plate capacitor, impeding the flow of electrons between the aggressive electrolyte and the substrate. − Notably, employing CPE instead of a conventional capacitor element is a valuable approach for determining the capacitance. This can be achieved using the formula , C dl = Q R x false( α − 1 false) n where Q is the CPE constant, α is the CPE exponent, and R represents the resistance.…”