Superhydrophobic Metal–Organic Framework-Based Composite Featuring Removal of Hydrophobic Drugs and Pesticides and Antibacterial Activities

Abstract

The widespread use and contamination of natural sources by new-generation drugs and pesticides have enhanced concern about environmental pollution. Understanding the above importance, we developed a superhydrophobic metal−organic framework (MOF) (SHMOF′: [Zr 6 O 4 (OH) 4 (BDC-NH−CO-R) 2.4 (BDC-NH 2 ) 0.6 (CF 3 COO) 6 ]•2.5H 2 O•4DMF) for ecological remediation via adsorption-based separation of hydrophobic drugs (flurbiprofen) and pesticides (fluazinam). The newly developed SHMOF′ has a high adsorption capacity toward flurbiprofen and fluazinam, i.e., 435 and 575 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption equilibrium time of the MOF is very short (15 and 10 min for flurbiprofen and fluazinam, respectively). The outstanding superhydrophobic nature of the MOF was employed to separate flurbiprofen and fluazinam from highly alkaline and acidic media and environmental water samples. The SHMOF′ has excellent selectivity toward the adsorption-based separation of flurbiprofen and fluazinam in the coexistence of common analytes. Again, we developed a polypropylene (PP) fabric-based composite of SHMOF′ (SHMOF′@PP) to separate the hydrophobic targeted analytes by using a zero-energy-consuming filtration-based separation method, which made this separation process cost-efficient and user-friendly. Moreover, Ag nanoparticles were doped to the superhydrophobic composite. The Ag-doped reusable SHMOF′@PP@ Ag composite exhibited excellent bacterial antiadhesion and antibacterial properties toward Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.