Superhydrophobic Thin Films Fabricated by Reactive Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Azlactone-Functionalized Polymers

Buck, Maren E.; Schwartz, Sarina C.; Lynn, David M.

doi:10.1021/cm102115e

Cited by 100 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…1(b)]. 24,25 As long as the last layer is hydrophobic, or a hydrophobic capping layer is used, superhydrophobicity will appear after enough cycles. This is a simple method for research, being useable wherever the starting materials can be obtained.…”

Section: Layer-by-layer Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The superhydrophobicity of polymer surfaces: Recent developments

Shirtcliffe

McHale

Newton

2011

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

168

108

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Superhydrophobicity is the extreme water repellence of highly textured surfaces. The field of superhydrophobicity research has reached a stage where huge numbers of candidate treatments have been proposed and jumps have been made in theoretically describing them. There now seems to be a move to more practical concerns and to considering the demands of individual applications instead of more general cases. With these developments, polymeric surfaces with their huge variety of properties have come to the fore and are fast becoming the material of choice for designing, developing, and producing superhydrophobic surfaces.

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Section: Layer-by-layer Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The superhydrophobicity of polymer surfaces: Recent developments

Shirtcliffe

McHale

Newton

2011

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

168

108

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“…Such SH surfaces have been used for anti-fouling applications and drug delivery. [ 20,[24][25][26][27] When air is trapped between water and the surface, the surface is in the Cassie-Baxter regime, [ 10 ] and the water droplet's adhesion to the surface is poor. A droplet in the Cassie-Baxter regime can transition to the Wenzel regime (no air pockets and strong adhesion to the surface) [ 28 ] when the balance of forces is disrupted.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Detection of Protein in Urine by Droplet Evaporation on a Superhydrophobic Plastic

McLane

Khine

2014

Adv Materials Inter

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than wet the surface [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] due to the high surface tension of water, the low surface energy of the substrate, and the minimal adhesion between water and the surface. The low surface energy and minimal adhesion can be attributed to multiscale features, ranging from micro to nano, [ 11 ] that trap air pockets between the surface and water, allowing the water droplet to only contact the peaks of the multiscale structures. The multiscale features can be highly patterned (homogeneous) or random (heterogeneous) but need to be multi-to nanoscale to trap air between the surface and fl uid. Such SH surfaces have been used for anti-fouling applications and drug delivery. [ 20,[24][25][26][27] When air is trapped between water and the surface, the surface is in the Cassie-Baxter regime, [ 10 ] and the water droplet's adhesion to the surface is poor. A droplet in the Cassie-Baxter regime can transition to the Wenzel regime (no air pockets and strong adhesion to the surface) [ 28 ] when the balance of forces is disrupted. [ 29 ] Pressure can disrupt this balance and change a water droplet from balancing on the peaks (Cassie) to sinking into the multiscale structures (Wenzel). [30][31][32][33] A water droplet can naturally transition from Cassie to Wenzel due to a change in internal droplet pressure, which can be quantifi ed bywhere γ is the surface tension of the fl uid, and R is the radius of the droplet. [ 30,34 ] Evaporation of a droplet can cause the Cassie to Wenzel transition due to the decrease in volume and increase in internal pressure. When a droplet of fl uid evaporates into the atmosphere, the balance of forces at the air-liquid interface constantly increases the droplet's surface tension and applies an inward force at the droplet's contact line (air-liquid-solid interface). [ 35 ] On a SH surface, the droplet's inward pulling force is greater than the droplet's adhesion to the surface, and the droplet's contact line continually moves inward, creating a smaller footprint and contact diameter (CD) for the droplet, [36][37][38][39][40][41] as shown in Figure 1 . Eventually, the droplet collapses to its fi nal footprint when the internal Laplace pressure overcomes the upward force from the air pockets, [ 30,31 ] and fl uid will stay pinned at this reduced contact area until evaporation is complete. This reduced contact area contains the content of the droplet with the molecules concentrated only on a small footprint.Protein in urine can be detected using a simple colorimetric output by evaporating droplets on a superhydrophobic (SH) surface. Evaporation on a SH surface allows fl uid to dramatically concentrate; the weak surface adhesion allows the droplet of fl uid to constantly decrease its footprint area and contact diameter. On a SH surface, pure water completely evaporates. Molecules in solution, however, are confi ned to a footprint that is 8.5 times smaller than the original and are greatly concentrated. By concentrating molecules, a 160 times improved detectio...

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“…26 In order to solve this problem and improve the mechanical properties of the surface of superhydrophobic materials, many methods have been proposed. [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] Lu et al 27 used a peruorosilane-coated titanium dioxide nanoparticles ethanolic suspension as a paint to fabricate micro-nano multi-level structure, with commercial adhesives as a binding layer to improve the robustness and abrasion resistance, to construct robust superhydrophobic surfaces on several substrates, which maintained excellent superhydrophobicity even aer nger-wipe, knifescratch, and sandpaper abrasion. Chen et al 30 successfully fabricated superhydrophobic surfaces with remarkable robustness against knife scratch and sandpaper abrasion on various substrates in a similar method called "Paint + Adhesive".…”

Section: -8mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomimetic fabrication of superhydrophobic loofah sponge: robust for highly efficient oil–water separation in harsh environments

Lin

Chen

et al. 2018

RSC Adv.

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Oil/water separation has become an increasingly important field due to frequent industrial oily wastewater emission and crude oil spill accidents. Herein, we fabricate a robust superhydrophobic loofah sponge via a versatile, environmentally friendly, and low-cost dip coating strategy, which involves the modification of commercial loofah sponge with waterborne polyurea and fused SiO 2 nanoparticles without the modification of any toxic low-surface-energy compound. The as-prepared loofah sponge showed excellent superhydrophobic/superoleophilic properties and exhibited robustness for effective oil-water separation in extremely harsh environments (such as 1 M HCl, 1 M NaOH, saturated NaCl solution and hot water higher than 95 C) due to the remarkably high chemical stability. In addition, the as-prepared loofah sponge was capable of excellent anti-fouling, has self-cleaning ability and could act as the absorber for effective separation of surfactant-free oil-in-water emulsions. More importantly, the asprepared loofah sponge demonstrated remarkable robustness against strong sandpaper abrasion and finger wipes, while retaining its superhydrophobicity and efficient oil/water separation efficiency even after more than 50 abrasion cycles. This facile and green synthesis approach presented here has the advantage of large-scale fabrication of a multifunctional biomass-based adsorbent material as a promising candidate in anti-fouling, self-cleaning, and versatile water-oil separation.

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Superhydrophobic Thin Films Fabricated by Reactive Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Azlactone-Functionalized Polymers

Cited by 100 publications

References 38 publications

The superhydrophobicity of polymer surfaces: Recent developments

The superhydrophobicity of polymer surfaces: Recent developments

Enhanced Detection of Protein in Urine by Droplet Evaporation on a Superhydrophobic Plastic

Biomimetic fabrication of superhydrophobic loofah sponge: robust for highly efficient oil–water separation in harsh environments

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