Superimposition of analogue data onto a video image: a new technique

Tarrant, Sarah C.; Miners, F.; Ellis, Richard; Flack, F. C.; Selley, W. G.

doi:10.3109/03091909409030257

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…When it arrives, they contract further, first squeezing excess air into the larynx and then food into the oesophagus. The use of simultaneous respiration monitoring (TV data; Tarrant et al 1994) in this study shows that the laryngeal airway remains open late into the swallow, until food reaches the vallecullae, after the nasal and mouth air inlets have closed. Inspiration occasionally overlaps with swallowing, further sucking air out of the pharynx before the swallow -the 'schluckathmung' (VanTrappen and Hellemans 1967).…”

mentioning

confidence: 69%

Air swallowing in Rett syndrome

Morton

Pinnington

Ellis

2000

Dev Med Child Neurol

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The possible causes of excessive swallowing of air leading to bloating, which is common in Rett syndrome (RS), were investigated during feeding and at rest. Seven individuals with RS aged between 4 and 33 years (three with air bloat) underwent feeding videoflouroscopy and concurrent respiration monitoring. The results were compared with a randomly selected group of 11 individuals, aged between 2 and 16 years, with quadriplegic cerebral palsy and feeding problems, some of whom had mild air bloat. All individuals from both groups had isolated pharyngeal swallows and several mouth breathed; this may account for some air swallowing but not the severe air bloat characteristic of RS. Thirty-three individuals with RS aged between 3 and 44 years were monitored for nasal respiration, chest movements, swallowing, and vocal cord position at rest (between feeding). Twenty had air bloat, 17 of whom swallowed air during breath-holding in the same way, and three gulped air during hyperventilation. Of the 13 without air bloat, eight did not have recurrent breath-holding and five did, but without concurrent air swallowing. Several methods for reducing air swallowing in apnoea were investigated. The most successful was a dummy with an air leak, but this was poorly tolerated and could only be used for short periods of time. Apnoeas and air bloat are often worse when individuals are distressed and may in some individuals be reduced by anxiolytic medications.

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confidence: 69%

Air swallowing in Rett syndrome

Morton

Pinnington

Ellis

2000

Dev Med Child Neurol

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“…1). This technique is known as TV data and is described in full elsewhere [13]. The usual feeding position for each participant was employed, and screening took place for a minimum of 10 swallows each of liquid and puree.…”

Section: Assessments Of Oropharyngeal and Respiratory Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspiration with Dysphagia: the Interaction Between Oropharyngeal and Respiratory Impairments

et al. 2002

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Individuals with neurodisability and dysphagia often aspirate food because of oropharyngeal impairments and poor control of respiration. This study explored the interaction between these factors in 32 participants aged 3-33 years. Each person underwent a modified barium swallow study, during which respiration was recorded and displayed simultaneously on the video screen, in terms of inspiration, expiration, and velocity of airflow (TV data). The duration of time that material remained in the pharynx before the swallow (either because of pharyngeal delay or residue from the previous swallow) was called the pharyngeal dwell time (PDT). The mean PDT of the 5 slowest swallows for each participant was calculated for both liquids and thick purees. The proportions of time spent in inspiration and expiration during the PDT in seconds and a score representing the abnormality of inspiration, including its frequency and velocity, were recorded. The volume of material in the pharynx prior to these swallows was also estimated. Twelve participants aspirated liquids and 3 of the 12 also aspirated thick purees. PDTs were longer among aspirators (6.2 s) than nonaspirators (2.4 s) when consuming liquids. Also, the percentage of the PDT spent in inspiration was greater among aspirators than nonaspirators when taking liquids (31% vs. 11%) or thick purees (35% vs. 14%). During the PDT, aspirators showed more abnormal respiratory patterns for liquids but not for purees. There were no differences in the volumes of liquid or puree in the pharynx before the swallow between aspirators and nonaspirators. A plot of the PDT against a combined respiratory impairment score (i.e., percentage of the PDT spent in inspiration and respiratory abnormality) predicted aspirators with a sensitivity of 83% and specificity of 95%. Aspiration results from oropharyngeal impairments with inadequate respiratory integration. Further research is needed to investigate whether intervention to improve respiratory control can reduce aspiration in people with dysphagia.

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“…All participants were fed by their carers. Nasal air flow and respiratory movements were monitored with nasal cannulae connected to a pressure-sensitive transducer, and pressure-sensitive bulbs placed under elasticated straps around the chest (TV data, Tarrant et al 1994). Continuous recordings of nasal respiration and chest movements were displayed on the video monitor.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Air swallowing in Rett syndrome

Morton

Pinnington

Ellis

2000

Develop Med Child Neuro

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The possible causes of excessive swallowing of air leading to bloating, which is common in Rett syndrome (RS), were investigated during feeding and at rest. Seven individuals with RS aged between 4 and 33 years (three with air bloat) underwent feeding videoflouroscopy and concurrent respiration monitoring. The results were compared with a randomly selected group of 11 individuals, aged between 2 and 16 years, with quadriplegic cerebral palsy and feeding problems, some of whom had mild air bloat. All individuals from both groups had isolated pharyngeal swallows and several mouth breathed; this may account for some air swallowing but not the severe air bloat characteristic of RS. Thirty‐three individuals with RS aged between 3 and 44 years were monitored for nasal respiration, chest movements, swallowing, and vocal cord position at rest (between feeding). Twenty had air bloat, 17 of whom swallowed air during breath‐holding in the same way, and three gulped air during hyperventilation. Of the 13 without air bloat, eight did not have recurrent breath‐holding and five did, but without concurrent air swallowing. Several methods for reducing air swallowing in apnoea were investigated. The most successful was a dummy with an air leak, but this was poorly tolerated and could only be used for short periods of time. Apnoeas and air bloat are often worse when individuals are distressed and may in some individuals be reduced by anxiolytic medications.

show abstract

Superimposition of analogue data onto a video image: a new technique

Cited by 5 publications

References 2 publications

Air swallowing in Rett syndrome

Air swallowing in Rett syndrome

Aspiration with Dysphagia: the Interaction Between Oropharyngeal and Respiratory Impairments

Air swallowing in Rett syndrome

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