Superimposition of serial 3-dimensional facial photographs to assess changes over time: A systematic review

Wampfler, Jonathan Johannes; Gkantidis, Nikolaos

doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.06.017

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The region of the face (the forehead and nasal bridge) that was used for the superimposition in this study is located towards the upper third of the face, and this specific facial area has been established as a relatively stable facial surface area [ 33 ], and the authors of the present study contend that this would allow better assessment of the middle and lower parts of the face, which are more likely to be affected by surgical, prosthetic and orthodontic treatments. This study is also in agreement with previous studies which mention that this method could be used in future studies primarily when looking at facially orientated treatments or assessing facial growth [ 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Validation of three-dimensional facial imaging captured with smartphone-based photogrammetry application in comparison to stereophotogrammetry system

Andrews

Alwafi

Bichu

et al. 2023

Heliyon

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Validation of three-dimensional facial imaging captured with smartphone-based photogrammetry application in comparison to stereophotogrammetry system

Andrews

Alwafi

Bichu

et al. 2023

Heliyon

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“…Häner et al points out the limitations of 2D imaging and suggests using 3D photography for greater accuracy, identifying specific forehead and nose areas for effective superimposition in growing individuals [67]. Wampfler and Gkantidis stressed the importance of systematically evaluating superimposition methods, suggesting that surface-based registration may be more effective than landmark-based approaches, although further research is needed due to the variability and biases in current studies [68].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability and Agreement of Free Web-Based 3D Software for Computing Facial Area and Volume Measurements

Topsakal,

Sawyer,

Akinci

et al. 2024

BioMedInformatics

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Background: Facial surgeries require meticulous planning and outcome assessments, where facial analysis plays a critical role. This study introduces a new approach by utilizing three-dimensional (3D) imaging techniques, which are known for their ability to measure facial areas and volumes accurately. The purpose of this study is to introduce and evaluate a free web-based software application designed to take area and volume measurements on 3D models of patient faces. Methods: This study employed the online facial analysis software to conduct ten measurements on 3D models of subjects, including five measurements of area and five measurements of volume. These measurements were then compared with those obtained from the established 3D modeling software called Blender (version 3.2) using the Bland–Altman plot. To ensure accuracy, the intra-rater and inter-rater reliabilities of the web-based software were evaluated using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) method. Additionally, statistical assumptions such as normality and homoscedasticity were rigorously verified before analysis. Results: This study found that the web-based facial analysis software showed high agreement with the 3D software Blender within 95% confidence limits. Moreover, the online application demonstrated excellent intra-rater and inter-rater reliability in most analyses, as indicated by the ICC test. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the free online 3D software is reliable for facial analysis, particularly in measuring areas and volumes. This indicates its potential utility in enhancing surgical planning and evaluation in facial surgeries. This study underscores the software’s capability to improve surgical outcomes by integrating precise area and volume measurements into facial surgery planning and assessment processes.

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“…The method can be broadly applied, since its software implementation is straightforward and 3D facial surface models are becoming readily available. Such models are most often acquired through direct facial surface scans performed either with specialized scanner or camera equipment or, nowadays, even with high-end mobile phones [31]. In addition to direct 3D facial images, facial surface models can be derived from 3D radiographic volumes (CT or CBCT images), if these are available for other purposes [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial asymmetry and midsagittal plane definition in 3D: A bias-free, automated method

Gkantidis,

Opacic,

Kanavakis

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Symmetry is a fundamental biological concept in all living organisms. It is related to a variety of physical and social traits ranging from genetic background integrity and developmental stability to the perception of physical appearance. Within this context, the study of human facial asymmetry carries a unique significance. Here, we validated an efficient method to assess 3D facial surface symmetry by best-fit approximating the original surface to its mirrored one. Following this step, the midsagittal plane of the face was automatically defined at the midpoints of the contralateral corresponding vertices of the superimposed models and colour coded distance maps were constructed. The method was tested by two operators using facial models of different surface size. The results show that the midsagittal plane definition was highly reproducible (maximum error < 0.1 mm or°) and remained robust for different extents of the facial surface model. The symmetry assessments were valid (differences between corresponding bilateral measurement areas < 0.1 mm), highly reproducible (error < 0.01 mm), and were modified by the extent of the initial surface model. The present landmark-free, automated method to assess facial asymmetry and define the midsagittal plane of the face is accurate, objective, easily applicable, comprehensible and cost effective.

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Superimposition of serial 3-dimensional facial photographs to assess changes over time: A systematic review

Cited by 9 publications

References 39 publications

Validation of three-dimensional facial imaging captured with smartphone-based photogrammetry application in comparison to stereophotogrammetry system

Validation of three-dimensional facial imaging captured with smartphone-based photogrammetry application in comparison to stereophotogrammetry system

Reliability and Agreement of Free Web-Based 3D Software for Computing Facial Area and Volume Measurements

Facial asymmetry and midsagittal plane definition in 3D: A bias-free, automated method

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