Superionic iron alloys and their seismic velocities in Earth’s inner core

He, Yu; Sun, Shichuan; Kim, DuckYoung; Jang, Bo Gyu; Li, Heping; Mao, Ho‐kwang

doi:10.1038/s41586-021-04361-x

Cited by 60 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…However, the experimental results for phase transition (charge-transfer state) in dense hydrogen [13,15], and the recent experimental results for superionic proton conduction [14,16] combined with the numerical results presented in this study suggest further investigation of a model of a collective of coupled harmonic oscillators (two-component system).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…The non-stationary solutions for the forced oscillation of two-component system, and therefore, the oscillatory strengths of two types of charged particles can be usefully addressed by the proposed PDE model. We intend to explore the experimental results [13][14][15][16] in future studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent observations of prominent electrical conductivity due to superionic proton conduction in the host hydrous mineral (iron oxide-hydroxide ) [14,16] in the deep Earth mantle have brought to concrete realization a paradigm and prediction by Vernadski 100 years ago [19,33]. It is widely accepted that water in the mantle is stored in hydrous minerals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The development of a mathematical model for proton migration in the superionic phases [10,14,16] is highly challenging. Through literature survey including experimental results [16], we concluded that mathematical modelling in superionicity research must endeavour to capture the collective motion of charged particles (protons).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mathematical modelling of proton migration in Earth mantle

Bobrovskiy

Galvis

Kaplin³

et al. 2022

Math. Model. Nat. Phenom.

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In the study, we address the mathematical problem of proton migration in the Earth’s mantle and suggest a prototype for exploring the Earth’s interior to map the effects of superionic proton conduction. The problem can be mathematically solved by deriving the self-consistent electromagnetic field potential U(x,t) and then reconstructing the distribution function f(x, v, t). Reducing the Vlasov-Maxwell system of equations to non-linear sh-Gordon hyperbolic and transport equations, the propagation of a non-linear wavefront within the domain and transport of the boundary conditions in the form of a non-linear wave are examined. By computing a 3D model and through Fourier-analysis, the spatial and electrical characteristics of potential U(x, t) are investigated. The numerical results are compared to the Fourier transformed quantities of the potential (V) obtained through field observations of the electric potential (Kuznetsov method). The non-stationary solutions for the forced oscillation of two-component system, and therefore, the oscillatory strengths of two types of charged particles can be usefully addressed by the proposed mathematical model. Moreover, the model, along with data analysis of the electric potential observations and probabilistic seismic hazard maps, can be used to develop an advanced seismic risk metric.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mathematical modelling of proton migration in Earth mantle

Bobrovskiy

Galvis

Kaplin³

et al. 2022

Math. Model. Nat. Phenom.

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“…The high metal/silicate partition coefficient of H found in recent experimental and computational works suggests that most of the water transported to our planet was sequestered mainly as up to ∼1 wt% H in the core (Li et al., 2020; Tagawa et al., 2021; Yuan & Steinle‐Neumann, 2020). Indeed, H‐bearing iron (Fe) alloys can explain the observed density and seismic‐wave velocities in both the liquid outer core (Umemoto & Hirose, 2015, 2020) and the solid inner core (He et al., 2022; Wang et al., 2021). In addition, the recent marsquake observations by the InSight probe revealed that the Martian core is less dense than previously thought, possibly including 1–2 wt% H in addition to sulfur (S) (Stähler et al., 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Pressure Melting Curve of FeH: Implications for Eutectic Melting Between Fe and Non‐Magnetic FeH

et al. 2022

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Walsh et al., 2011), water may have been delivered to the growing Earth and Mars in large quantities. The high metal/silicate partition coefficient of H found in recent experimental and computational works suggests that most of the water transported to our planet was sequestered mainly as up to ∼1 wt% H in the core (Li et al., 2020;Tagawa et al., 2021;Yuan & Steinle-Neumann, 2020). Indeed, H-bearing iron (Fe) alloys can explain the observed density and seismic-wave velocities in both the liquid outer core (Umemoto & Hirose, 2015, 2020) and the solid inner core (He et al., 2022;Wang et al., 2021). In addition, the recent marsquake observations by the InSight probe revealed that the Martian core is less dense than previously thought, possibly including 1-2 wt% H in addition to sulfur (S) (Stähler et al., 2021).The Fe-FeH phase diagram is of great importance to understand the present state and composition of planetary metallic cores. However, it is still vaguely known. Fe-H alloys must be examined under high pressure, because

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Electride Formation of HCP‐Iron at High Pressure: Unraveling the Origin of the Superionic State of Iron‐Rich Compounds in Rocky Planets

Park,

He,

Mao

et al. 2024

Advanced Science

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Electride possesses electrons localized at interstitial sites without attracting nuclei. It brings outstanding material properties not only originating from its own loosely bounded characteristics but also serving as a quasiatom, which even chemically interacts with other elemental ions. In elemental metals, electride transitions have been reported in alkali metals where valence electrons can easily gain enough kinetic energy to escape nuclei. However, there are few studies on transition metals. Especially iron, the key element of human technology and geophysics, has not been studied in respect of electride formation. In this study, it is demonstrated that electride formation drives the superionic state in iron hydride under high‐pressure conditions of the earth's inner core. The electride stabilizes the iron lattice and provides a pathway for hydrogen diffusion by severing the direct interaction between the metal and the volatile element. The coupling between lattice stability and superionicity is triggered near 100 GPa and enhanced at higher pressures. It is shown that the electride‐driven superionicity can also be generalized for metal electrides and other rocky planetary cores by providing a fundamental interaction between the electride of the parent metal and doped light elements.

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Superionic iron alloys and their seismic velocities in Earth’s inner core

Cited by 60 publications

References 79 publications

Mathematical modelling of proton migration in Earth mantle

Mathematical modelling of proton migration in Earth mantle

High‐Pressure Melting Curve of FeH: Implications for Eutectic Melting Between Fe and Non‐Magnetic FeH

Electride Formation of HCP‐Iron at High Pressure: Unraveling the Origin of the Superionic State of Iron‐Rich Compounds in Rocky Planets

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