Selected hydrides (TiH 2 , ZrH 2 ), chlorides (VCl 3 , ScCl 3 ) or oxides (V 2 O 5 ) utilized as additives facilitating hydrogen release and uptake for magnesium hydride were investigated using mechanochemical treatment and in-situ synchrotron radiation powder X-ray diffraction studies. The fastest hydrogen desorption and absorption kinetics for MgH 2 was observed for a sample with 5 mol% V 2 O 5 at 320°C. Additional activation of the system (2 cycles, vacuum/p(H 2 ) ∼150 bar, 450°C) leads to significant improvement of the kinetics even at lower temperatures, 270°C. The observed prolific effect is achieved through the full reduction of vanadium oxides and formation of an efficient vanadium catalyst as nanoparticles and possibly interfacial effects in the MgO/Mg/MgH 2 /V system introduced during cycling hydrogen release and uptake in hydrogen/dynamic vacuum at 450°C. Nanostructuring as well as hydrogen permeability via vanadium nanoparticles may improve kinetics and reduce the apparent activation energy for hydrogen release. Thus, the enhancement of hydrogen release/uptake in the MgH 2 owe to "in situ" formation of vanadium nanoparticles by reduction of V 2 O 5 .