Superior efficiency achievement for FAPbI3-perovskite thin film solar cell by optimization with response surface methodology technique and partial replacement of Pb by Sn

Tin Halide Perovskites: Progress and Challenges

“…Mixed A-Site Tin Halide Perovskites: Cation mixing approach has proven to be a facile method for efficiency enhancement www.advancedsciencenews.com in Sn-based PSCs. [89,[138][139][140][141][142] Although chemical composition engineering in the B-site has more pronounced effects on the photo physics of halide perovskites, [141][142][143][144][145][146][147][148][149][150] the A-site components have also shown considerable influence as seen in the application of (FA) x (MA) 1−x SnI 3 as absorber layer in Pb-free PSCs with inverted structure. [89] An optimized ratio of FA and MA cations and the use of SnF 2 yielded an (FA) 0.75 (MA) 0.25 SnI 3 based device with a maximum PCE of 8.12%.…”

“…Parametric study and response surface methodology (RSM) have shown that the partial replacement of Pb by Sn in FAPb 1−x Sn x I 3 thin films and the optimization of the fabrication parameters such can improve efficiency and reduce toxicity in PSC. [142] An MAPb x Sn 1−x Br 3 single crystal analog prepared by Ju et al exhibits high stability in ambient with outstanding electrical properties as obtained from space charge-limited current (SCLC) and the Hall Effect measurements. [143] Remarkably, the single crystals possessed narrow bandgap and long carrier lifetime.…”

“…However, pure Sn–halide sample showed the largest electronic transport due to electronic states delocalization and smaller variations of the electrostatic potential profile in the system. Parametric study and response surface methodology (RSM) have shown that the partial replacement of Pb by Sn in FAPb 1− x Sn x I 3 thin films and the optimization of the fabrication parameters such can improve efficiency and reduce toxicity in PSC . An MAPb x Sn 1− x Br 3 single crystal analog prepared by Ju et al exhibits high stability in ambient with outstanding electrical properties as obtained from space charge‐limited current (SCLC) and the Hall Effect measurements .…”

Synthesis and optimization of properties of thin films of FAx(MA1-X)PbI3grown by spin coating with perovskite structure to be used as active layer in hybrid solar cells

“…The samples prepared with composition corresponding to 0.2≤x≤0.6 present an additional reflection at 2=13.9⁰ which has been assigned to the α-FAPbI3 phase [17], indicating that this type of samples grows with a mixture of the phases MAPbI3 and α-FAPbI3. It is also observed that samples prepared with composition corresponding to x≥0.8 present new reflections that have been assigned to the PbI2 phase and to the yellow phase -FAPbI3 [18]. Theinset of figure 1 are shown scans of the diffractograms around the peak at 2=14.14°.…”

Chemical Vapour Deposition of Graphene—Synthesis, Characterisation, and Applications: A Review

“…However, the high cost remains the main drawback. Another interesting category that holds much potential is the thin film PVs that have various types such as CdTe [ 248 ], CIGS [ 249 ], perovskite [ 250 ] and CZTS [ 251 ] showing that recent thin-film PVs have reached efficiency as high as a 20% conversion rate [ 252 ]. Researchers working on the development of PVs have raised a great interest in implementing graphene, owing to its remarkable properties, the potential of further reducing the cost while increasing efficiency.…”