Superior Gluteal Artery Perforator Flap

Abstract

Although utilization of buttock tissue for breast reconstruction can be challenging and requires microsurgical expertise, in the hands of experienced microsurgeons the SGAP flap is a safe and reliable option for autologous breast reconstruction with minimal donor-site morbidity and excellent aesthetic results.

Intraoperative indocyanine green fluorescent angiography‐assisted modified superior gluteal artery perforator flap for reconstruction of sacral pressure sores

“…For decades, surgical debridement with subsequent reconstruction was the best treatment for these patients, and different kinds of surgical methods were designed for this purpose. Since Koshima et al first described a gluteal artery perforator-based flap for the reconstruction of sacral pressure sores, many methods based on superior gluteal artery, inferior gluteal artery and parasacral artery perforators have been utilised widely in many aspects of plastic surgery due to their advantages (3,5,8,9). Among these, the SGAP flap has been used the most because it provides many advantages related to safety and reliability, less blood loss, preservation of muscles, less donor-site morbidity and suitability for even extensive defects (5,10,11).…”

Medial sural artery perforator free flap for the reconstruction of leg, foot and ankle defect: an excellent option

“…[8][9][10][11] With the revolutionary changes in microsurgery, the spectrum of free flap extended into the new territory of perforator-based flaps. [12][13][14][15][16] Cavadas et al in 2001 1 in their landmark study found out multiple perforating vessels coming out from gastrocnemius muscle supplying the skin in a fixed pattern. They correlated it with clinical cases and successfully performed MSAP free flap.…”

Immediate Breast Reconstruction with Free Autologous Tissue Transfer

“…The first superior gluteal artery myocutaneous flap for breast reconstruction was by Fujino in 1975 [38]. With the development of perforator flaps, Allen in 1993 developed the superior gluteal artery perforator (SGAP) flap to allow for a longer vascular pedicle and gluteus maximus muscle preservation [39,40]. The use of the SGAP is not considered the first option for breast reconstruction because of a tedious flap dissection, change in positioning in the operating room, smaller volume flap, and gluteal scarring [40].…”

“…The height of the flap can vary from 7 to 14 cm but must be confirmed with the pinch test to allow for appropriate closure (Figure 21). The length of the flap can also vary from 18 to 30 cm [30,40]. Immediate Breast Reconstruction with Free Autologous Tissue Transfer DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.85652…”

“…If the SGAP flap has two perforators then one can be connected in an antegrade fashion and the other in a retrograde fashion to the internal mammary vessels. After confirming flap perfusion, the flap can be coned or the tips excised to improve flap contour [30,40].…”