Superior intestinal integrity and limited microbial translocation are associated with lower immune activation in SIVmac239-infected northern pig-tailed macaques (&lt;em&gt;Macaca leonina&lt;/em&gt;)

Zhang, Mingxu; Song, Tian-Zhang; Zheng, Hong-Yi; Wang, Xuehui; Lu, Ying; Zhang, Han-Dan; Li, Ting; Pang, Wei

doi:10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2019.047

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…We previously detected obvious microbial translocation and immune activation in NPMs with SIVmac239 infection (37).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Notably, average concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)binding protein (a microbial translocation marker) in plasma increased from 12 to 36 weeks post-SIVmac239 infection (37), suggesting that microbial translocation and intestinal integrity disruption appear in the late acute phase and last to the chronic stage in SIV-infected NPMs. Impairment in the balance between gut microbes and the host immune system could culminate in microbial translocation and the development of metabolic endotoxemia, leading to systemic inflammation and insulinrelated metabolic disorder (58).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eight adult male NPMs (6-8 years old), negative for SIV, B virus, simian type-D retrovirus, and simian T-lymphotropic virus, were enrolled in this study. The characteristics of the enrolled macaques have been discussed in our previous studies (33,34,37). Briefly, four NPMs (named 08287, 09203, 10205, and 10225) were intravenously injected with 3 000 TCID 50 SIVmac239 and euthanized on days 620, 633, 642, and 650 post-injections, respectively.…”

Section: Animals and Ethics Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Glucose Metabolism Disorder Induces Spermatogenic Dysfunction in Northern Pig-Tailed Macaques (Macaca leonina) With Long-Term SIVmac239 Infection

Song

Zhang

et al. 2021

Front. Endocrinol.

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Although spermatogenic dysfunction is widely found in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the underlying reasons remain unclear. Thus far, potential hypotheses involving viral reservoirs, testicular inflammation, hormone imbalance, and cachexia show inconsistent correlation with spermatogenic dysfunction. Here, northern pig-tailed macaques (NPMs) exhibited marked spermatogenic dysfunction after long-term infection with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVmac239), with significant decreases in Johnsen scores, differentiated spermatogonial stem cells, and testicular proliferating cells. The above hypotheses were also evaluated. Results showed no differences between SIV− and SIV+ NPMs, except for an increase in follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) during SIV infection, which had no direct effect on the testes. However, long-term SIVmac239 infection undermined pancreatic islet β cell function, partly represented by significant reductions in cellular counts and autophagy levels. Pancreatic islet β cell dysfunction led to glucose metabolism disorder at the whole-body level, which inhibited lactate production by Sertoli cells in testicular tissue. As lactate is the main energy substrate for developing germ cells, its decrease was strongly correlated with spermatogenic dysfunction. Therefore, glucose metabolism disorder appears to be a primary cause of spermatogenic dysfunction in NPMs with long-term SIVmac239 infection.

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“…We previously detected obvious microbial translocation and immune activation in NPMs with SIVmac239 infection (37).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Animals and Ethics Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Glucose Metabolism Disorder Induces Spermatogenic Dysfunction in Northern Pig-Tailed Macaques (Macaca leonina) With Long-Term SIVmac239 Infection

Song

Zhang

et al. 2021

Front. Endocrinol.

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“…The immunomodulatory effect of herbal medicine on the body is one of the important mechanisms to prevent and treat intestinal mucosal damage. Herbs can affect the expression of IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ, and SIg A in the intestinal mucosa, can increase the proliferation of mucosal cells and maintain the integrity of the intestinal mucosa ( Zhang et al, 2010 ; Deng et al, 2018 ; Zhang M.-X. et al, 2019 ; Pu et al, 2020 ; Fang et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Herbal Medicine Gut Microbiota and Coronavirus Disease 19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbal Medicine, Gut Microbiota, and COVID-19

Chen

et al. 2021

Front. Pharmacol.

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Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) is a respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has grown to a worldwide pandemic with substantial mortality. The symptoms of COVID-19 range from mild flu-like symptoms, including cough and fever, to life threatening complications. There are still quite a number of patients with COVID-19 showed enteric symptoms including nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. The gastrointestinal tract may be one of the target organs of SARS-CoV-2. Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the main receptor of SARS-CoV-2 virus, which is significantly expressed in intestinal cells. ACE2 links amino acid malnutrition to microbial ecology and intestinal inflammation. Intestinal flora imbalance and endotoxemia may accelerate the progression of COVID-19. Many herbs have demonstrated properties relevant to the treatment of COVID-19, by supporting organs and systems of the body affected by the virus. Herbs can restore the structure of the intestinal flora, which may further modulate the immune function after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Regulation of intestinal flora by herbal medicine may be helpful for the treatment and recovery of the disease. Understanding the role of herbs that regulate intestinal flora in fighting respiratory virus infections and maintaining intestinal flora balance can provide new ideas for preventing and treating COVID-19.

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“…The epithelium forms the first barrier against the microbiota and pathogenic microbes 11,12 . Under normal conditions, mucosal epithelial cells, mucus‐secreting cells, and immune cells form a protective barrier against invading pathogens 13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virulence factors impair epithelial junctions during bacterial infection

Zheng

Sun

Zhou

et al. 2020

Clinical Laboratory Analysis

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Epithelial cells are typically connected through different types of cell junctions that are localized from the apical membrane to the basal surface. In this way, epithelium cells form the first barrier against pathogenic microorganisms and prevent their entry into internal organs and the circulatory system. Recent studies demonstrate that bacterial pathogens disrupt epithelial cell junctions through targeting junctional proteins by secreted virulence factors. In this review, we discuss the diverse strategies used by common bacterial pathogens, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Helicobacter pylori, and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, to disrupt epithelial cell junctions during infection. We also discuss the potential of targeting the pathogenic mechanisms in the treatment of pathogen‐associated diseases.

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Superior intestinal integrity and limited microbial translocation are associated with lower immune activation in SIVmac239-infected northern pig-tailed macaques (<em>Macaca leonina</em>)

Cited by 18 publications

References 50 publications

Glucose Metabolism Disorder Induces Spermatogenic Dysfunction in Northern Pig-Tailed Macaques (Macaca leonina) With Long-Term SIVmac239 Infection

Glucose Metabolism Disorder Induces Spermatogenic Dysfunction in Northern Pig-Tailed Macaques (Macaca leonina) With Long-Term SIVmac239 Infection

Herbal Medicine, Gut Microbiota, and COVID-19

Virulence factors impair epithelial junctions during bacterial infection

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