“…Urea, ammonium, phosphate and potassium in urine can be adsorbed by various adsorbents such as activated carbon (Ganrot et al, 2007a), biochar (Bai et al, 2018;Xu et al, 2018;Xu et al, 2019b;Zhang X. et al, 2021), gastropod shell (Saliu et al, 2020), ion exchange resin (O'Neal and Boyer, 2013;O'Neal and Boyer, 2015;Tarpeh et al, 2017;Tarpeh et al, 2018b), layered double hydroxides (LDH) (Dox et al, 2019a;Dox et al, 2019b;Dox et al, 2022), magnetic Fe 3 O 4 @ZrO 2 nanoparticles (Guan et al, 2020a), metal organic frameworks (MOF) (Lin et al, 2015;Guan et al, 2020b), natural loess (Jiang et al, 2016), porous organic polymer (Zhang et al, 2020), wollastonite (Lind et al, 2000), zeolite (Ban and Dave, 2004;Beler-Baykal et al, 2004;Ganrot et al, 2007a;Leung et al, 2007;Ganrot et al, 2008;Baykal et al, 2009;Beler-Baykal et al, 2011;Huang et al, 2014;Xu S. et al, 2015;Mitrogiannis et al, 2018;Makgabutlane et al, 2020;Regmi and Boyer, 2020). Some of these adsorbents i.e., biochar, gastropod shell, natural loess, and zeolite after nutrient Frontiers in Environmental Science frontiersin.org adsorption can be directly used as fertilizer in agriculture (Ganrot et al, 2008;Beler-Baykal et al, 2011;Xu S. et al, 2015;Jiang et al, 2016;…”