“Superluminal” phenomena can be attributed to instantaneous transfer of excitations in the near field zone

Abstract

The observation of superluminal transmission of photons created discussions of their reality and significance. To analyze the possibility of such phenomena in general, the most general method is employed based on the covariant theory of dispersion relations. It is shown that superluminal phenomena can only be realized as tunneling of excitations within the near field zone. On this basis, the main experimental data can be described as sequential processes of single photon scattering. Their temporal distribution is estimated by taking into account the scattering time. Thus, the difference is explained between the advance of the superluminal part of the light pulse (i.e., the transition time of single photons) and the signal velocity of the macroscopic pulse of light.

Reciprocal Schrödinger Equation: Durations of Delay and Formation of States in Scattering Processes

“…in the certain frequencies range the advanced emission or even superluminal phenomena are not excluded . Just such situation has place at a superluminal transfer of excitation and, as it had been shown in [38], corresponds to a lot of experimental data [43][44][45][46]. Addition of the following term to the S(ω, r) decomposition of (3.2 ) type,…”

“…As it is proven in [38], superluminal transfer of excitations (jumps) through a linear passive substance can be affected by nothing but by the instantaneous tunneling of virtual particles. The tunneling distance c|τ 2 | is expressed via the deficiency in the energy relative to the nearest stable (resonance) state ( ω) as the relation of uncertainty type:…”

“…But in absence of tunneling and instant transitions [38] these subtractions can be omitted and for temporal functions the new dispersion relations can be written:…”

“…Our purpose in the series of papers [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] was to reveal that functions describing duration of scattering processes and formation of new states are present in already existing theories: if these concepts reflect essential features of a reality they should be found in the theories, which adequately describe several experiments.…”

“…On their basis the theory of optical dispersion has been constructed [31,32], some features of phase transitions are established [33][34][35][36][37], the opportunity of the "nonlocality in the small", i.e. instantaneous tunneling jumps of excitations within the scope of near field, is shown [38].…”