Supernova produced and anthropogenic 244Pu in deep sea manganese encrustations

Wallner, C.; Faestermann, T.; Gerstmann, Udo; Knie, K.; Korschinek, G.; Lierse, C.; Rugel, G.

doi:10.1016/j.newar.2003.11.020

Cited by 58 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Others have searched the paleobiological and geological records for signatures of nearby SNe. For example, Benitez et al (2002) present evidence linking the Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary marine extinction event about 2 Ma to a nearby SN, and Knie et al (2004) and Wallner et al (2004) discovered spikes in the 60 Fe and 244 Pu, respectively, concentrations in marine sediments from about the same time, consistent with a SN explosion about 40 parsecs from Earth.…”

Section: The Galactic Habitable Zonementioning

confidence: 93%

Habitable Zones in the Universe

González

2005

Orig Life Evol Biosph

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Abstract. Habitability varies dramatically with location and time in the universe. This was recognized centuries ago, but it was only in the last few decades that astronomers began to systematize the study of habitability. The introduction of the concept of the habitable zone was key to progress in this area. The habitable zone concept was first applied to the space around a star, now called the Circumstellar Habitable Zone. Recently, other, vastly broader, habitable zones have been proposed. We review the historical development of the concept of habitable zones and the present state of the research. We also suggest ways to make progress on each of the habitable zones and to unify them into a single concept encompassing the entire universe.

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Section: The Galactic Habitable Zonementioning

confidence: 93%

Habitable Zones in the Universe

González

2005

Orig Life Evol Biosph

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“…Occurring at a rate of ∼1-3 per century in the Milky Way (e.g., Adams et al 2013, and references therein), it is likely that one (if not more) has exploded close enough to have produced detectable effects onEarth. Speculation on biological effects of a near-Earth SN has a long history in the literature (e.g., Shklovskii 1968; Alvarez et al 1980;Ellis & Schramm 1995), and Ellis et al (1996) and Korschinek et al (1996) , see Wallner et al (2000Wallner et al ( , 2004Wallner et al ( , 2015b. With this motivation, Knie et al (1999) examined a sample of ferro-manganese (Fe-Mn) crust from Mona Pihoa in the South Pacific and found an anomaly in Fe 60 concentration that suggested that an SN occurred near Earth sometime within the past 5 Myr (a specific time could not be determined).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RADIOACTIVE IRON RAIN: TRANSPORTING⁶⁰Fe IN SUPERNOVA DUST TO THE OCEAN FLOOR

Fry

Fields

Ellis

2016

ApJ

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Several searches have found evidence of Fe 60 deposition, presumably from a near-Earth supernova (SN), with concentrations that vary in different locations on Earth. This paper examines various influences on the path of interstellar dust carrying Fe 60 from an SN through the heliosphere, with the aim of estimating the final global distribution on the ocean floor. We study the influences of magnetic fields, angle of arrival, wind, and ocean cycling of SN material on the concentrations at different locations. We find that the passage of SN material through the mesosphere/lower thermosphere has the greatest influence on the final global distribution, with ocean cycling causing lesser alteration as the SN material sinks to the ocean floor. SN distance estimates in previous works that assumed a uniform distribution are a good approximation. Including the effects on surface distributions, we estimate a distance of -+ 46 610 pc for an -SN progenitor. This is consistent with an SN occurring within the Tuc-Hor stellar group ∼2.8 Myr ago, with SN material arriving on Earth ∼2.2 Myr ago. We note that the SN dust retains directional information to within 1• through its arrival in the inner solar system, so that SN debris deposition on inert bodies such as the Moon will be anisotropic, and thus could in principle be used to infer directional information. In particular, we predict that existing lunar samples should show measurable Fe 60 differences.

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“…In addition, it was reported that extraterrestrial debris might be taken into manganese encrustations as evidenced by its 3 He/ 4 He isotopic ratio (Sano et al, 1985;Basu et al, 2006). Recently, the so-called extinct nuclides, such as 60 Fe (T 1/2 = 1.51 × 10 6 yr) and 244 Pu (T 1/2 = 8.08 × 10 7 yr) that are not expected in the solar system because their half-lives are sufficiently shorter than the age of the solar system, were found in a manganese encrustation by Knie et al (1999), Wallner et al (2000), Knie et al (2004), and Wallner et al (2004). Knie et al (2004) found a highly significant increase in the 60 Fe concentration around 2.8 Myr ago in a dated deep-sea manganese crust by using an accelerator mass spectrometer (AMS).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Knie et al (2004) found a highly significant increase in the 60 Fe concentration around 2.8 Myr ago in a dated deep-sea manganese crust by using an accelerator mass spectrometer (AMS). Wallner et al (2004) attempted to detect 244 Pu in 120 g of a fallout-free part of a deep-sea manganese crust using an AMS. One single 244 Pu event was observed, and this count corresponds to the terrestrial inputs at around 3 × 10 4 atoms cm −2 during the period from 1 to 14 Myr.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporation rate measurements of 10Be, 230Th, 231Pa, and 239,240Pu radionuclides in manganese crust in the Pacific Ocean: A search for extraterrestrial material

et al. 2007

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In order to estimate the deposition rate of extraterrestrial material onto a manganese crust in a project to search for supernova debris, we analyzed the contents of 10 Be, 230 Th, 231 Pa, and 239, 240 Pu in a sample of manganese crust collected from the North Pacific Ocean. On the basis of the depth profile of 10 Be, the growth rate of the manganese crust was determined to be 2.3 mm Myr −1 . The uptake rates of 10 Be, 230 Th, and 231 Pa onto the manganese crust were estimated to be 0.22−0.44%, 0.11−0.73%, and 1.4−4.5%, respectively, as compared to the deposition rates onto the deep-sea sediments near the sampling station and that for 239, 240 Pu was 0.14% as compared to the total inventory of seawater and sediment column. Assuming the sinking particles to be 0.11−4.5% of the uptake rates, the deposition rate of extraterrestrial material onto the manganese crust was estimated to be 2−800 μg cm −2 Myr −1 according to the uptake of 10 Be onto the manganese crust. Further, our estimate is similar to the value of 9−90 μg cm −2 Myr −1 obtained using the integrated global production rate of 10 Be and the deposition rate of 10 Be onto the manganese crust.

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Supernova produced and anthropogenic 244Pu in deep sea manganese encrustations

Cited by 58 publications

References 13 publications

Habitable Zones in the Universe

Habitable Zones in the Universe

RADIOACTIVE IRON RAIN: TRANSPORTING⁶⁰Fe IN SUPERNOVA DUST TO THE OCEAN FLOOR

Incorporation rate measurements of 10Be, 230Th, 231Pa, and 239,240Pu radionuclides in manganese crust in the Pacific Ocean: A search for extraterrestrial material

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Supernova produced and anthropogenic 244Pu in deep sea manganese encrustations

Cited by 58 publications

References 13 publications

Habitable Zones in the Universe

Habitable Zones in the Universe

RADIOACTIVE IRON RAIN: TRANSPORTING60Fe IN SUPERNOVA DUST TO THE OCEAN FLOOR

Incorporation rate measurements of 10Be, 230Th, 231Pa, and 239,240Pu radionuclides in manganese crust in the Pacific Ocean: A search for extraterrestrial material

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RADIOACTIVE IRON RAIN: TRANSPORTING⁶⁰Fe IN SUPERNOVA DUST TO THE OCEAN FLOOR