Supernovae and their host galaxies – VI. Normal Type Ia and 91bg-like supernovae in ellipticals

Barkhudaryan, L. V.; Hakobyan, A. A.; Karapetyan, A. G.; Mamon, G. A.; Kunth, D.; Adibekyan, V.; Turatto, M.

doi:10.1093/mnras/stz2585

Cited by 15 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…Recent investigations of host galaxies further found a correlation between the SN brightness 1 and host mass, suggesting that SNe Ia in less massive galaxies are ∼0.1 mag fainter than those in more massive galaxies (Kelly et al 2010;Sullivan et al 2010;Childress et al 2013; Johansson et al 2013). More recent studies based on star formation rate (SFR) in host galaxies also showed that the SNe Ia in locally star-forming environments are fainter than those in locally passive environments (Rigault et al 2015 Kim et al 2018;Roman et al 2018;Barkhudaryan et al 2019;Rose et al 2019). As the host morphology, host mass, and the physics of star formation cannot directly affect SN luminosity, all of these correlations are probably not directly originated from these host properties, but more likely due to the age or metallicity of the SN Ia progenitor closely related to these properties.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Early-type Host Galaxies of Type Ia Supernovae. II. Evidence for Luminosity Evolution in Supernova Cosmology

Kang

Lee

Kim

et al. 2020

ApJ

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The most direct and strongest evidence for the presence of dark energy is provided by the measurement of galaxy distances using SNe Ia. This result is based on the assumption that the corrected brightness of SN Ia through the empirical standardization would not evolve with look-back time. Recent studies have shown, however, that the standardized brightness of SN Ia is correlated with host morphology, host mass, and local star formation rate (SFR), suggesting a possible correlation with stellar population property. To understand the origin of these correlations, we have continued our spectroscopic observations to cover most of the reported nearby early-type host galaxies. From high-quality (signal-to-noise ratio ∼175) spectra, we obtained the most direct and reliable estimates of population age and metallicity for these host galaxies.We find a significant correlation between SN luminosity (after the standardization) and stellar population age at a 99.5% confidence level. As such, this is the most direct and stringent test ever made for the luminosity evolution of SN Ia. Based on this result, we further show that the previously reported correlations with host morphology, host mass, and local SFR are most likely originated from the difference in population age.This indicates that the light-curve fitters used by the SNe Ia community are not quite capable of correcting for the population age effect, which would inevitably cause a serious systematic bias with look-back time. Notably, taken at face values, most of the Hubble residual used in the discovery of the dark energy appears to be affected by the luminosity evolution. ). According to the analysis by Childress et al. (2014), the difference in the mean age of SN progenitors between z = 0 and 1.0 is predicted to be ∼5.3 Gyr (see also Section 4 below). It is therefore possible that SNe at high redshift are fainter (after the standardization) than the value expected from the model without the dark energy, not because of the dark energy, but mostly because of the luminosity evolution. Careful investigation of this possible systematic bias with redshift is particularly important because the dimming of SNe is only ∼0.2 mag (∼20% in brightness) with respect to a cosmological model without dark energy (Ω M = 0.27, Ω Λ = 0.00; Hicken et al. 2009).Nevertheless, to test the effect of luminosity evolution, in the discovery papers, Riess et al. (1998), Schmidt et al. (1998), and Perlmutter et al. (1999 only used morphological classification of host galaxies in the local universe as a proxy for stellar population age. Because of apparently very small difference in the standardized brightness between SNe Ia in the early-type and late-type host galaxies, they concluded that the luminosity evolution is negligible in SN cosmology. Later analysis based on a larger sample by Hicken et al. (2009), however, found a systematic difference of ∼0.14 mag between the very early-and very late-type galaxies (see also Suzuki et al. 2012). Recent investigations of host galaxies further found a co...

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confidence: 99%

Early-type Host Galaxies of Type Ia Supernovae. II. Evidence for Luminosity Evolution in Supernova Cosmology

Kang

Lee

Kim

et al. 2020

ApJ

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“…In particular, the discovery of 91bg-like events (progenitor age is greater than several Gyr, e.g. Crocker et al 2017;Panther et al 2019;Barkhudaryan et al 2019; H20) and a population of faster declining normal SNe Ia in the SFDs can be explained within the scenario of SF suppression by bar, where the SFDs of galaxies show a sharp truncation in SF histories and contain mostly old stellar population of several Gyr ( ∼ > 2 Gyr; Donohoe-Keyes et al 2019). On the other hand, the discovery of 91T-like SNe (progenitor age is less than a Gyr, e.g.…”

Section: Sne Ia In the Sfds And Beyondmentioning

confidence: 99%

Type Ia supernovae in the star formation deserts of spiral host galaxies

Hakobyan,

Karapetyan,

Barkhudaryan

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Using a sample of nearby spiral galaxies hosting 185 supernovae (SNe) Ia, we perform a comparative analysis of the locations and light curve decline rates (∆m 15 ) of normal and peculiar SNe Ia in the star formation deserts (SFDs) and beyond. To accomplish this, we present a simple visual classification approach based on the UV/Hα images of the discs of host galaxies. We demonstrate that, from the perspective of the dynamical timescale of the SFD, where the star formation (SF) is suppressed by the bar evolution, the ∆m 15 of SN Ia and progenitor age can be related. The SFD phenomenon gives an excellent possibility to separate a subpopulation of SN Ia progenitors with the ages older than a few Gyr. We show, for the first time, that the SFDs contain mostly faster declining SNe Ia (∆m 15 > 1.25). For the galaxies without SFDs, the region within the bar radius, and outer disc contain mostly slower declining SNe Ia. To better constrain the delay times of SNe Ia, we encourage new studies (e.g. integral field observations) using the SFD phenomenon on larger and more robust datasets of SNe Ia and their host galaxies.

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“…normal, 91T-, 91bg-, and 02cx-like). Following Barkhudaryan et al (2019), we carried out an extensive literature search to compile the information on the subclasses. As an interactive archive of SN spectra and corresponding references, we mostly used the Weizmann Interactive Supernova data Repository (Yaron & Gal-Yam 2012).…”

Section: Sn Ia Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, we identified 394 individual host galaxies of all collected SNe Ia: 1, 2, and 4 SNe are found in 383, 10, and 1 galaxies, respectively. It should be noted that some of the identified host galaxies from the footprint of SDSS DR16 are already listed in databases of Hakobyan et al (2012Hakobyan et al ( , 2016Hakobyan et al ( , 2017; Karapetyan et al (2018); Barkhudaryan et al (2019), which are based on older data releases of SDSS. We nevertheless re-implemented the entire reduction process for all SDSS host galaxies using the DR16 properties.…”

Section: Sn Ia Host Galaxy Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

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Supernovae and their host galaxies -- VII. The diversity of Type Ia supernova progenitors

Hakobyan,

Barkhudaryan,

Karapetyan

et al. 2020

Preprint

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We present an analysis of the light curve (LC) decline rates (∆m 15 ) of 407 normal and peculiar supernovae (SNe) Ia and global parameters of their host galaxies. As previously known, there is a significant correlation between the ∆m 15 of normal SNe Ia and global ages (morphologies, colours, masses) of their hosts. On average, those normal SNe Ia that are in galaxies from the Red Sequence (early-type, massive, old hosts) have faster declining LCs in comparison with those from the Blue Cloud (latetype, less massive, younger hosts) of the colour-mass diagram. The observed correlations between the ∆m 15 of normal SNe Ia and hosts' parameters appear to be due to the superposition of at least two distinct populations of faster and slower declining normal SNe Ia from older and younger stellar components. We show, for the first time, that the ∆m 15 of 91bg-and 91T-like SNe is independent of host morphology and colour. The distribution of hosts on the colour-mass diagram confirms the known tendency for 91bg-like SNe to occur in globally red/old galaxies while 91T-like events prefer blue/younger hosts. On average, the youngest global ages of 02cx-like SNe hosts and their positions in the colour-mass diagram hint that these events likely originate from young population, but they differ from 91T-like events in the LC decline rate. Finally, we discuss the possible explosion channels and present our favoured SN Ia models that have the potential to explain the observed SN-host relations.

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Supernovae and their host galaxies – VI. Normal Type Ia and 91bg-like supernovae in ellipticals

Cited by 15 publications

References 120 publications

Early-type Host Galaxies of Type Ia Supernovae. II. Evidence for Luminosity Evolution in Supernova Cosmology

Early-type Host Galaxies of Type Ia Supernovae. II. Evidence for Luminosity Evolution in Supernova Cosmology

Type Ia supernovae in the star formation deserts of spiral host galaxies

Supernovae and their host galaxies -- VII. The diversity of Type Ia supernova progenitors

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