Supernumerary permanent maxillary canine – a rare finding: case report and literature review

Abstract

Supernumerary teeth are dental units that appear in addition to the regular number of teeth. Their most frequent location is the anterior maxilla, especially on the maxillary midline, being called mesiodens, but also paramedian or in the position of a lateral incisor. On the other hand, the permanent canine is one of the most stable teeth regarding the number, with very few cases reported about hypo-or hyperdontia. This article reviews the few data found in the literature about the supernumerary permanent maxillary canine and also presents the case of an 8-year-old female patient with a supplemental permanent canine in the upper left maxilla. The patient was non-syndromic and did not present any other supernumerary teeth in the permanent dentition; she had only one in the temporary dentition. Using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) of the region, we were able to evaluate the position, structure, and shape of the supplemental canine and also to establish a treatment plan. The aim of this paper was to present this extremely rare case of a non-syndromic Romanian adult female patient with a unilateral supplemental permanent maxillary canine, and to include a literature review of the few reported such cases.

Ocorrência de dentes supranumerários: uma revisão da literatura

“…A prevalência de dentes supranumerários parece variar entre 0,2% e 3% nas populações e mostra uma maior predileção pelo sexo masculino (Scalisi & Callia 2018). Aos quais podem ocorrer de maneira unitária ou múltipla, em qualquer região das arcadas e podem apresentar quatro tipos morfológicos: (1) Cônico, em forma de pino, que se localizam entre os incisivos centrais superiores, conhecidos como mesiodens (mais comum); (2) Tuberculados, em forma de barril, ao qual possui superfície oclusal com várias cúspides; (3) Suplementar, aos quais possuem anatomia e tamanho normais; (4) Odontoma (malformações hamartomatosas) que podem ser do tipo complexo ou composto, esse último apesar de ser classificado como tumor pela OMS, parece possuir manifestações do mesmo processo de formação dos dentes supranumerários (Andrei et al 2021) (Bogdanowicz, 2023). O eptélio odontogênico tornasse espesso.…”

“…Segundo Lubinsky & Kantaputra (2016), 80 a 90% dos pacientes com supranumerários tem achados maxilares. Isso é confirmado por um estudo relatado por Andrei et al (2021), onde foram examinados 152 pacientes, com idade de 5 a 15 anos e quase 90% apresentavam dentes extras na maxila de forma impactada.…”

Radiographic methods for locating impacted maxillary canines

“…A new method, used more and more in the diagnosis and therapy of dental impaction is a variant of CT, called CBCT, cone-beam volumetric tomography (CBVT). 3D reconstructions are useful for a better visualization of the position of the impacted canines, their relationship with the adjacent structures, as well as the possible complications caused by them [ 39 , 40 ]. CBCT uses a conical beam (the radiation wave propagates conically), and a single scan of a short duration is sufficient to cover the entire investigation area.…”

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“…3D reconstructions are useful for a better visualization of the position of the impacted canines, their relationship with the adjacent structures, as well as the possible complications caused by them [39,40].…”