Superoxide-Mediated Formation and Charging of Silver Nanoparticles

Jones, Adele M.; Garg, Shikha; He, Di; Pham, A. Ninh; Waite, T. David

doi:10.1021/es103757c

Cited by 149 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Being known for production of ROS in oxidative stress mediated manner, it was reported recently that same free radicals (such as superoxide ions etc) which ultimately leads to their toxicity effects has also ability to reduce Ag + ions into Ag NPs thereby transfiguring the NPs again [212]. This study in particular, opens new ventures to look differently on various mechanistic approaches of Ag NPs, such as antibacterial activity which was previously reported by ROS formation or Ag + ion release etc.…”

mentioning

confidence: 57%

Perturbation of cellular mechanistic system by silver nanoparticle toxicity: Cytotoxic, genotoxic and epigenetic potentials

Dubey

Matai

Kumar

et al. 2015

Advances in Colloid and Interface Science

116

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mentioning

confidence: 57%

Perturbation of cellular mechanistic system by silver nanoparticle toxicity: Cytotoxic, genotoxic and epigenetic potentials

Dubey

Matai

Kumar

et al. 2015

Advances in Colloid and Interface Science

116

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“…It was also found that the thermal or photochemical reduction process is another possible source of naturally occurring AuNMs in natural environments, which possibly has critical impacts on the transport and transformation of Au and engineered AuNMs (Yin et al, 2014). Contemporary studies suggest that reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide dominate the toxicity mechanism of AgNMs, while ROS is also able to reduce silver (I) ions with resultant production of AgNMs (Jones et al, 2011). This means that the ability for AgNMs to undergo catalytic cycling provides a pathway for the continual generation of ROS and the regeneration of AgNMs following oxidation (Jones et al, 2011).…”

Section: Transformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Contemporary studies suggest that reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide dominate the toxicity mechanism of AgNMs, while ROS is also able to reduce silver (I) ions with resultant production of AgNMs (Jones et al, 2011). This means that the ability for AgNMs to undergo catalytic cycling provides a pathway for the continual generation of ROS and the regeneration of AgNMs following oxidation (Jones et al, 2011).…”

Section: Transformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Properties and Processes Determining the Fate of Engineered Nanomaterials in the Aquatic Environment

Peijnenburg

Baalousha

Chen

et al. 2015

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology

177

103

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“…2b). The possible chemical reactions that account for the formation of AgNPs in natural waters are as follows 9,18 :…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable silver isotope fractionation in the natural transformation process of silver nanoparticles

et al. 2016

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Nanoparticles in the environment can form by natural processes or be released due to human activities 1 . Owing to limited analytical methods, the behaviour of nanoparticles in the natural environment is poorly understood and until now they have only been described by the variations in the nanoparticle size or the concentration of the element of interest. Here we show that by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to measure silver (Ag) isotope ratios it is possible to understand the transformation processes of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the environment. We found that the formation and dissolution of AgNPs under natural conditions caused significant variations in the ratio of natural Ag isotopes ( 107 Ag and 109 Ag) with an isotopic enrichment factor (ε) up to 0.86‰. Furthermore, we show that engineered AgNPs have distinctly different isotope fractionation effects to their naturally formed counterparts. Further studies will be needed to understand whether isotope analysis can be used to reveal the sources of AgNPs in the environment.AgNPs are the most widely used nanomaterial due to their broad spectrum in antimicrobial activities 2 . An exponential increase in the environmental levels of AgNPs is predicted due to their rising usage and disposal levels 3,4 . As the natural abundance of Ag in the Earth's crust is extremely low (∼0.07 mg kg -1 ; ref. 5), the release of even a small mass of Ag to the environment from anthropogenic activities may lead to proportionally large deviations from natural conditions 6 . AgNPs present in the environment are normally thought to originate from human activities. However, recent studies reveal that AgNPs can also form naturally via the reduction of Ag + in natural waters mediated by dissolved organic matter (DOM) 7,8 and sunlight 9 , which implies that the level of AgNPs in the environment may be underestimated. There is evidence that AgNPs are potentially harmful for organisms and human health 1 and that AgNP loading can significantly influence important ecosystem processes 10,11 . However, little is known about the natural processes and fate of AgNPs due to the lack of proper methods to detect or trace AgNPs in environmental media.Here, we studied the variations in the stable Ag isotope ratio in the natural transformation process of AgNPs. Ag isotopes have previously been applied as chronometers for early-stage planetary differentiation 12,13 and as tracers in archaeometry 14,15 , whereas other applications are rare in the literature. Naturally occurring Ag is composed of 107 Ag and 109 Ag with approximately equal natural abundances (51.8% versus 48.2%) and subtle variations in 107 Ag/ 109 Ag ratio were observed in various terrestrial samples 16,17 . We hypothesized that variations in the natural stable isotope ratio may provide a new means to study the environmental processes of NPs. To test this hypothesis, we studied two reversible processes of AgNPs in natural waters (Fig. 1): the formation of AgNPs via the reduction of Ag + in the presence of DOM and the...

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Superoxide-Mediated Formation and Charging of Silver Nanoparticles

Cited by 149 publications

References 46 publications

Perturbation of cellular mechanistic system by silver nanoparticle toxicity: Cytotoxic, genotoxic and epigenetic potentials

Perturbation of cellular mechanistic system by silver nanoparticle toxicity: Cytotoxic, genotoxic and epigenetic potentials

A Review of the Properties and Processes Determining the Fate of Engineered Nanomaterials in the Aquatic Environment

Stable silver isotope fractionation in the natural transformation process of silver nanoparticles

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