Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs): Synthesis and Surface Modification Techniques for use with MRI and Other Biomedical Applications

Yoffe, Serge; Leshuk, Tim; Everett, Perry; Gu, Frank

doi:10.2174/13816128130314

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…As bare iron oxide nanoparticles administered in higher doses were previously shown to be toxic as they produce the development of oxidative stress [ 9 , 11 ], we used a low dose of PEG-coated magnetite USPIONs. PEG is a neutral, hydrophilic and biocompatible polymer which improves the dispersion of NPs in water, it improves their bio-distribution and increases blood circulation time [ 30 ]. However, despite the PEG-coating and administration of a low dose of USPIONs, we found elevated production of the superoxide, which was increased in all tissues and organs investigated in this study, similarly as it was found using various types of NPs [ 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitive SQUID Bio-Magnetometry for Determination and Differentiation of Biogenic Iron and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in the Biological Samples

et al. 2020

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This study aimed to develop the method for determination of the ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (USPION)-originated iron (UOI) in the tissues of rats on the basis of the magnetic characteristics (MC) in the liver, left heart ventricle (LHV), kidneys, aorta and blood of Wistar-Kyoto (WKY). Rats were treated intravenously by USPIONs dispersed in saline (transmission electron microscope (TEM) mean size ~30 nm, hydrodynamic size ~51 nm, nominal iron content 1 mg Fe/mL) at the low iron dose of 1 mg/kg. MC in the form of the mass magnetisation (M) versus the magnetic field (H) curves and temperature dependences of M (determined using the SQUID magnetometer), histochemical determination of iron (by Perl’s method) and USPION-induced superoxide production (by lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence) were investigated 100 min post-infusion. USPIONs significantly elevated superoxide production in the liver, LHV, kidney and aorta vs. the control group. Histochemical staining confirmed the presence of iron in all solid biological samples, however, this method was not suitable to unequivocally confirm the presence of UOI. We improved the SQUID magnetometric method and sample preparation to allow the determination of UOI by measurements of the MC of the tissues at 300 K in solid and liquid samples. The presence of the UOI was confirmed in all the tissues investigated in USPIONs-treated rats. The greatest levels were found in blood and lower amounts in the aorta, liver, LHV and kidneys. In conclusion, we have improved SQUID-magnetometric method to make it suitable for detection of low amounts of UOI in blood and tissues of rats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitive SQUID Bio-Magnetometry for Determination and Differentiation of Biogenic Iron and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in the Biological Samples

et al. 2020

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“…The steric hindrance from the long-chain-like polymers provides a stable protective layer for the MNPs in a highly ionic solution and prevents agglomeration. With an excellent hydrophilic property, uncharged or weakly charged hydrophilic polymers, such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), chitosan and dextran (DEX) with high biocompatibility, have been widely used as protective shells to diminish the agglomeration of MNPs in the presence of serum proteins [9,10]. In addition to the protective shell, the magnetic core with ultra-small particle size and superparamagnetic properties has an effect to prevent agglomeration [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With an excellent hydrophilic property, uncharged or weakly charged hydrophilic polymers, such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), chitosan and dextran (DEX) with high biocompatibility, have been widely used as protective shells to diminish the agglomeration of MNPs in the presence of serum proteins [9,10]. In addition to the protective shell, the magnetic core with ultra-small particle size and superparamagnetic properties has an effect to prevent agglomeration [10]. Superparamagnetic MNPs exhibit a zero average magnetization in the absence of an external magnetic field against agglomeration of MNPs caused by intermolecular magnetic moments and can be controlled and located at specific organs or tissues with an external magnetic field, offering a great prospect for drug delivery [11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of magnetic nanoparticles coated with polystyrene sulfonic acid for biomedical applications

Chen

Sung

et al. 2020

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials

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The development of novel magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with satisfactory biocompatibility for biomedical applications has been the subject of extensive exploration over the past two decades. In this work, we synthesized superparamagnetic iron oxide MNPs coated with polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSS-MNPs) and with a conventional co-precipitation method. The core size and hydrodynamic diameter of the PSS-MNPs were determined as 8-18 nm and 50-200 nm with a transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering, respectively. The saturation magnetization of the particles was measured as 60 emu g −1 with a superconducting quantum-interference-device magnetometer. The PSS content in the PSS-MNPs was 17% of the entire PSS-MNPs according to thermogravimetric analysis. Fouriertransform infrared spectra were recorded to detect the presence of SO 3 − groups, which confirmed a successful PSS coating. The structural properties of the PSS-MNPs, including the crystalline lattice, composition and phases, were characterized with an X-ray powder diffractometer and 3D nanometer-scale Raman microspectrometer. MTT assay and Prussian-blue staining showed that, although PSS-MNPs caused no cytotoxicity in both NIH-3T3 mouse fibroblasts and SK-HEP1 human liver-cancer cells up to 1000 μg mL −1 , SK-HEP1 cells exhibited significantly greater uptake of PSS-MNPs than NIH-3T3 cells. The low cytotoxicity and high biocompatibility of PSS-MNPs in human cancer cells demonstrated in the present work might have prospective applications for drug delivery.

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“…In order to achieve real‐time visualization of soft tissues, nanoparticle‐based contrast agents are required to be biocompatible. Conventional coprecipitation methods to synthesize SPIONs and USPIOs yield nanoparticles with polydisperse sizes (deviations up to 25%), which can lead to inferior magnetic properties that weaken the MRI contrast effect. A new method called thermal decomposition has been developed to overcome disadvantages associated with traditional coprecipitation.…”

Section: T2 Mri Contrast Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional nanoparticles for magnetic resonance imaging

Mao

Cui

2016

WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol

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Nanoparticle-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents have received much attention over the past decade. By virtue of a high payload of magnetic moieties, enhanced accumulation at disease sites, and a large surface area for additional modification with targeting ligands, nanoparticle-based contrast agents offer promising new platforms to further enhance the high resolution and sensitivity of MRI for various biomedical applications. T2* superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) first demonstrated superior improvement on MRI sensitivity. The prevailing SPION attracted growing interest in the development of refined nanoscale versions of MRI contrast agents. Afterwards, T1-based contrast agents were developed, and became the most studied subject in MRI due to the positive contrast they provide that avoids the susceptibility associated with MRI signal reduction. Recently, chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) contrast agents have emerged and rapidly gained popularity. The unique aspect of CEST contrast agents is that their contrast can be selectively turned “on” and “off” by radiofrequency (RF) saturation. Their performance can be further enhanced by incorporating a large number of exchangeable protons into well-defined nanostructure. Besides activatable CEST contrast agents, there is growing interest in developing nanoparticle-based activatable MRI contrast agents responsive to stimuli (pH, enzyme, etc.), which improves sensitivity and specificity. In this review, we summarize the recent development of various types of nanoparticle-based MRI contrast agents, and have focused our discussions on the key advantages of introducing nanoparticles in MRI.

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Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs): Synthesis and Surface Modification Techniques for use with MRI and Other Biomedical Applications

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Sensitive SQUID Bio-Magnetometry for Determination and Differentiation of Biogenic Iron and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in the Biological Samples

Sensitive SQUID Bio-Magnetometry for Determination and Differentiation of Biogenic Iron and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in the Biological Samples

Synthesis and characterization of magnetic nanoparticles coated with polystyrene sulfonic acid for biomedical applications

Functional nanoparticles for magnetic resonance imaging

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