SUPERPHOSPHATE MANUFACTURE Composition of Superphosphate Made from Phosphate Rock and Concentrated Phosphoric Acid

Newton, Roger Hale; Copson, R. L.

doi:10.1021/ie50322a014

Cited by 11 publications

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“…The manufacture of elementary phosphorus (white and red) [ 40 ], phosphoric acids, various phosphorus-containing chemicals and, especially, agricultural fertilizers (namely, superphosphate [ 41 , 42 ] and ammonium orthophosphates [ 43 ]) are the major industrial applications of natural calcium orthophosphates. This consumes up to 85% of the world production.…”

Section: Geological and Biological Ooccurrence Of Calcium Orthophomentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium Orthophosphates in Nature, Biology and Medicine

Dorozhkin¹

2009

Materials

692

550

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The present overview is intended to point the readers’ attention to the important subject of calcium orthophosphates. These materials are of the special significance because they represent the inorganic part of major normal (bones, teeth and dear antlers) and pathological (i.e. those appearing due to various diseases) calcified tissues of mammals. Due to a great chemical similarity with the biological calcified tissues, many calcium orthophosphates possess remarkable biocompatibility and bioactivity. Materials scientists use this property extensively to construct artificial bone grafts that are either entirely made of or only surface-coated with the biologically relevant calcium ortho-phosphates. For example, self-setting hydraulic cements made of calcium orthophosphates are helpful in bone repair, while titanium substitutes covered by a surface layer of calcium orthophosphates are used for hip joint endoprostheses and as tooth substitutes. Porous scaffolds made of calcium orthophosphates are very promising tools for tissue engineering applications. In addition, technical grade calcium orthophosphates are very popular mineral fertilizers. Thus ere calcium orthophosphates are of great significance for humankind and, in this paper, an overview on the current knowledge on this subject is provided.

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Section: Geological and Biological Ooccurrence Of Calcium Orthophomentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium Orthophosphates in Nature, Biology and Medicine

Dorozhkin¹

2009

Materials

692

550

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“…Manufacturing of elementary phosphorus (white and red) (Jacob and Reynolds 1928 ; Emsley 2001 ), phosphoric acids (Becker 1989 ; Dorozhkin 1996 , 1997 , 1998 ; Gilmour 2014 ), various P-containing chemicals, agricultural fertilizers [namely, superphosphate (Copson et al 1936 ; Newton and Copson 1936 ; Rossete et al 2008 ), ammonium orthophosphates (Magda et al 2008 )] and detergents [principally sodium tripolyphosphate (Kijkowska et al 2007 )] are the major industrial applications of natural CaPO 4 . The annual consumption of a phosphate rock has approached ~150 million tons and about 95 % of this production is utilized in the fertilizer industry (Abouzeid 2007 , 2008 ).…”

Section: Geological and Biological Occurrencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium orthophosphates (CaPO4): occurrence and properties

Dorozhkin¹

2015

Prog Biomater

214

141

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The present overview is intended to point the readers’ attention to the important subject of calcium orthophosphates (CaPO4). This type of materials is of the special significance for the human beings because they represent the inorganic part of major normal (bones, teeth and antlers) and pathological (i.e., those appearing due to various diseases) calcified tissues of mammals. For example, atherosclerosis results in blood vessel blockage caused by a solid composite of cholesterol with CaPO4, while dental caries and osteoporosis mean a partial decalcification of teeth and bones, respectively, that results in replacement of a less soluble and harder biological apatite by more soluble and softer calcium hydrogenorthophosphates. Therefore, the processes of both normal and pathological calcifications are just an in vivo crystallization of CaPO4. Similarly, dental caries and osteoporosis might be considered as in vivo dissolution of CaPO4. In addition, natural CaPO4 are the major source of phosphorus, which is used to produce agricultural fertilizers, detergents and various phosphorus-containing chemicals. Thus, there is a great significance of CaPO4 for the humankind and, in this paper, an overview on the current knowledge on this subject is provided.

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“…Manufacturing of elementary phosphorus (white and red) (Jacob and Reynolds 1928;Emsley 2001), phosphoric acids (Becker 1989;Dorozhkin 1996Dorozhkin , 1997Dorozhkin , 1998Gilmour 2014), various P-containing chemicals, agricultural fertilizers [namely, superphosphate Newton and Copson 1936;Rossete et al 2008), ammonium orthophosphates (Magda et al 2008)] and detergents [principally sodium tripolyphosphate (Kijkowska et al 2007)] are the major industrial applications of natural CaPO 4 . The annual consumption of a phosphate rock has approached *150 million tons and about 95 % of this production is utilized in the fertilizer industry (Abouzeid 2007(Abouzeid , 2008.…”

Section: Geological and Biological Occurrencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium orthophosphates (CaPO 4 ): Occurrence and properties

Dorozhkin¹

2017

Morphologie

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SUPERPHOSPHATE MANUFACTURE Composition of Superphosphate Made from Phosphate Rock and Concentrated Phosphoric Acid

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Calcium Orthophosphates in Nature, Biology and Medicine

Calcium Orthophosphates in Nature, Biology and Medicine

Calcium orthophosphates (CaPO4): occurrence and properties

Calcium orthophosphates (CaPO 4 ): Occurrence and properties

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