SuperTIGER Abundances of Galactic Cosmic-Rays for the Charge Interval Z=41-56

Walsh, Nathan Elliot; Binns, W. R.; Israel, M. H.; Murphy, Ryan; Rauch, B. F.; ward, J. E.; Brandt, T. J.; Link, J. T.; Mitchell, J. W.; Hams, T.; Sakai, Kenichi; Sasaki, M.; Labrador, A. W.; Mewaldt, R. A.; Stone, E. C.; Wiedenbeck, M. E.

doi:10.22323/1.358.0147

Cited by 9 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…So while ACE-CRIS and SuperTIGER instruments only measure down to 5 B and 10 Ne, respectively, CALET has measured cosmic-ray abundances in the 1 ≤ Z ≤ 40 charge range providing complementary measurements, and a check of the cross calibrations of other instruments. Preliminary CALET UHCR results for the even elements reported at the previous ICRC were consistent with those published for SuperTIGER [17] (Fig. 3b).…”

Section: Pos(icrc2021)124supporting

confidence: 88%

“…In the cosmic rays we see that 26 Fe is∼5×10 3 times less abundant than 1 H, and that the UHCR with charges 30≤Z≤40 are ∼10 5 times less abundant than 26 Fe. Single-element resolution UHCR measurements have so far only been made up to 40 Zr by the TIGER [15] and made up to 56 Ba by SuperTIGER [17] balloon-borne instruments at GeV/nuc energies, and up to 40 Zr by the ACE-CRIS [18] space based instrument at hundreds of MeV/nuc. The UHCR composition shows enhancement in material produced in massive stars, both from stellar outflows during the stars' lives and in the ejecta from supernova.…”

Section: Pos(icrc2021)124mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Progress on Ultra-Heavy Cosmic-Ray Analysis with CALET on the International Space Station

Zober¹,

Rauch²,

Ficklin³

et al. 2021

Proceedings of 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2021)

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The Calorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET), launched to the International Space Station in August 2015 and continuously operating since, measures cosmic-ray (CR) electrons, nuclei and gamma-rays. CALET utilizes its main calorimeter charge detector to measure CR nuclei from 1 H to 40 Zr. In order to maximize the acceptance of the rare ultra-heavy (UH) CR above 30 Zn, a special high duty cycle (∼90%) UH trigger is used that does not require passage through the 27 radiation length deep Total Absorption Calorimeter (TASC). This provides a 6× increase in geometry factor allowing CALET to collect in 5 years a UHCR dataset with statistics comparable to those from the first flight of the balloon-borne SuperTIGER instrument but without the need for atmospheric corrections. Previous CALET UHCR analyses using time and position corrections based on 26 Fe and a geomagnetic vertical cutoff rigidity selection have shown abundances of even nuclei in agreement with SuperTIGER. To further improve resolution and maximize statistics, a trajectory dependent geomagnetic rigidity selection has been employed here with further work being done to implement a Cash-Karp Runge-Kutta ray tracing method for an improved determination of effective cutoff rigidities. Additional work has also been done to analyze events from the smaller dataset of events that pass through the TASC, which provides energy information and a better charge assignment that will provide higher resolution UH measurements, albeit with lower statistics.

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Section: Pos(icrc2021)124supporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Pos(icrc2021)124mentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress on Ultra-Heavy Cosmic-Ray Analysis with CALET on the International Space Station

Zober¹,

Rauch²,

Ficklin³

et al. 2021

Proceedings of 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2021)

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“…The Galactic cosmic rays (GCR) and Solar System (SS) represent two directly measurable samples of galactic matter, with the GCR being far younger on the order of millions of years old, and the SS being an ∼4.6 billion year old sample of the Galactic ISM. A comparison of the relative abundances of GCR with energies of 2 GeV/nucleon to those of SS from 1 H to 40 Zr normalized to 14 Si = 1 is shown in Fig. 3.…”

Section: Ultra-heavy Cosmic Raysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent SuperTIGER analysis has extended the UHGCR measurements from the first flight up to 56 Ba [13,14]. The preliminary GCRS abundances above 40 Zr in Fig.…”

Section: Pos(icrc2021)087mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TIGERISS would be able to address important science goals in the ∼1 year it would have on ISS under the NASA Astrophysics Pioneers Program, in which time it would also make the case for continuing operations under other funding. Figure 5 gives predicted one year TIGERISS measurements for the JEM-EF configuration [4] for solar minimum (blue) and solar average (green) modulations compared with those from the first SuperTIGER flight (red) [13,14]. The level of solar modulation does not have a strong impact on the TIGERISS UHGCR measurements, and the expected one-year statistics are comparable to SuperTIGER.…”

Section: One Year Statistics For Astrophysics Pioneersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Trans-Iron Galactic Element Recorder for the International Space Station (TIGERISS)

Rauch¹,

Walsh²,

Zober³

2021

Proceedings of 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2021)

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TIGERISS is an Ultra-Heavy Galactic Cosmic Ray (UHGCR) detector to be proposed to the NASA Astrophysics Pioneers Program capable of measuring the abundance relative to 26 Fe of every element from 5 B to 82 Pb. It is evolved from the LDB TIGER and SuperTIGER balloon instruments and the Heavy-Nuclei Explorer SMEX, and compared to its predecessors, TIGERISS will have a greatly improved capability to definitively identify UHGCR nuclei. This has been demonstrated in component accelerator tests at CERN, including silicon strip detectors in place of scintillators. The geometry factor for TIGERISS is estimated to be from 1.1 to 1.7 m 2 sr depending on the ISS attachment point, compared to 0.6 m 2 sr for TIGER. Within one-year TIGERISS would observe ∼27 56 Ba nuclei, a 20% statistically significant result comparable to the current SuperTIGER data set. Not requiring corrections for atmospheric interactions and scintillator saturation effects the TIGERISS results would be cleaner, and they would also make preliminary measurements to higher charges that will test models for cosmic-ray origins and acceleration. TIGERISS will measure UHGCR nuclei resulting from neutron-capture nucleosynthesis in heavy stars, supernovae, and binary neutron-star mergers and will probe the relative contribution of r-process elements to the cosmic rays.

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Radioactive isotopes in the interstellar medium

Diehl

2021

Astrophys Space Sci

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Radioactive components of the interstellar medium provide an entirely-different and new aspect to the studies of the interstellar medium. Injected from sources of nucleosynthesis, unstable nuclei decay along their trajectories. Measurements can occur through characteristic gamma rays that are emitted with the decay, or in cosmic material samples through abundances of parent and daughter isotopes as they change with decay. The dynamics and material flows within interstellar medium are thus accessible to measurement, making use of the intrinsic clock that radioactive decay provides. We describe how measurements of radioactive decay have obtained a break-through in studies of the interstellar medium, after first summarizing the characteristics of radioactivity and the sources of unstable nuclei.

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SuperTIGER Abundances of Galactic Cosmic-Rays for the Charge Interval Z=41-56

Cited by 9 publications

References 6 publications

Progress on Ultra-Heavy Cosmic-Ray Analysis with CALET on the International Space Station

Progress on Ultra-Heavy Cosmic-Ray Analysis with CALET on the International Space Station

The Trans-Iron Galactic Element Recorder for the International Space Station (TIGERISS)

Radioactive isotopes in the interstellar medium

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