Supervised blood-based self-sample collection and rapid test performance: a valuable alternative to the use of saliva by HIV testing programmes with no medical or nursing staff: Table 1

Belza, María José; Rosales-Statkus, María Elena; Hoyos, Juan; Segura, Pilar; Ferreras, Eva; Sánchez, Rebeca; Molist, Gemma; Fuente, Luís de la

doi:10.1136/sextrans-2011-050131

Cited by 26 publications

(48 citation statements)

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“…Another 207 participants performed self-testing with the same materials, but after brief training and under the supervision of a counsellor. They participated in the procedure for interpretation of results described below, however, this methodology had a different objective, and the results with valid-invalid tests obtained with this supervised procedure have been presented elsewhere [25] and are not reported in the present study. Both designs were carried out during the same period but on different days.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Participants in a Street-Based HIV Testing Program Able to Perform Their Own Rapid Test and Interpret the Results?

et al. 2012

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ObjectiveAvailability of over-the-counter rapid HIV tests could improve access to testing those reluctant or unable to use current services. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of HIV self-testing using a finger-stick whole-blood rapid test (Determine™ HIV Combo) to detect both antigen and antibody.MethodsBefore being tested, 313 participants in a street-based testing program were given adapted instructions and a test kit, and performed the self-test without supervision. These participants, together with another 207 who performed supervised self-testing, received additional instructions on how to interpret the test results shown in six colour photos and filled out a questionnaire. Logistic regression and generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used in the statistical analysis.ResultsAbout 8.0% (95%CI:4.8%–11.2%) obtained an invalid self-test. An invalid result was inversely associated with male participants who had sex with men (OR = 0.3;95%CI:0.1–1.0). Of the 3111 photos interpreted,4.9% (95%CI:4.1–5.7) were incorrect. Only 1.1% (95%CI:0.3–1.8) of the positive results were interpreted as negative. Age 30 or older (OR = 2.1; 95%CI:1.2–3.7), having been born in Latin America (OR = 1.6; 95%CI:1.1–2.2),and not having university education (OR = 2.1;95%CI:1.2–3.7) were associated with misinterpreting test results in the GEE. Participant's perceptions of both their proficiency when conducting the test and interpretation were related with actual outcomes. Most participants (83.9%) were more motivated than before to use the self-test in the future, and 51.7% would pay >10 Euros for the test if it was sold in pharmacies.ConclusionsThis is the first study showing that blood-based self-testing with current technology is feasible in HIV-negative participants demanding the test and without prior training or supervision. Bearing in mind that it was conducted under difficult weather conditions and using a complex kit, over-the-counter tests could be a feasible option to complement current diagnostic strategies. More studies are needed to accommodate technology, minimise interpretation mistakes and provide on-line support.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Participants in a Street-Based HIV Testing Program Able to Perform Their Own Rapid Test and Interpret the Results?

et al. 2012

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“…Since then, this and other rapid HIV self-tests, have become available through pharmacies, online purchase, and, at times, through free distribution, in the U.S., Canada, and a number of European countries. Studies show high acceptability of self-testing among MSM [18–27] and transgender women (TGW), who expressed particular interest in using it to test with sexual partners [28]. Studies have also shown that individuals are able to use oral as well as finger-prick rapid HIV tests correctly [26, 27] and that access to free self-tests leads to greater frequency of testing among MSM [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies show high acceptability of self-testing among MSM [18–27] and transgender women (TGW), who expressed particular interest in using it to test with sexual partners [28]. Studies have also shown that individuals are able to use oral as well as finger-prick rapid HIV tests correctly [26, 27] and that access to free self-tests leads to greater frequency of testing among MSM [29]. While the scientific literature on the acceptability and use of self-testing is increasing in relation to at-risk populations in the US, Europe and Africa, similar research among high risk populations in other regions of the world, including Latin America is in its infancy [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High acceptability of rapid HIV self-testing among a diverse sample of MSM from Buenos Aires, Argentina

et al. 2017

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IntroductionThe objective of this study was to explore the acceptability of rapid HIV self-testing (RHST) among men who have sex with men (MSM).MethodsDuring 2006–2009, a sample of 500 MSM was recruited through Respondent Driven Sampling for an HIV prevalence/incidence study. Attitude toward RHST was explored among HIV negative MSM. Data were weighted prior to analyses.ResultsParticipants reported they were likely to buy RHST (74%), test themselves more frequently than they currently do (77%), and that the procedure would simplify testing (70%). Furthermore, 71% reported they would probably use it alone, 66% would use it with a steady partner, and 56% with a friend/partner. While a majority acknowledged that RHST use would deprive them of receiving counseling (61%), 74% declared they would go for help if they tested positive; 57% would use an RHST in order to avoid condoms. Probability of use surpassed 70% among gay and non-gay identified MSM as well as those with and without a previous HIV test. Those likely to buy RHST were older (p = 0.025) and more likely to identify as gay (p = 0.036). A total of 17% said they would think about killing themselves and 9% would attempt suicide if they tested positive. These MSM were more likely to be younger (p<0.001), with lower mood level (p<0.001) and greater feelings of loneliness (p = 0.026).ConclusionsThe high acceptability of RHST found among MSM should encourage the authorities to consider the possibility of offering it for self-testing, as it can improve early diagnosis and prevention of future transmissions. However, further research is needed to understand how to best disseminate RHST among MSM who wish to use it and to offer support and linkage to care for those who test HIV-positive.

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“…Pant Pai (2013) (9) Overall acceptability: 74% to 96% for both supervised and unsupervised settings (7,35,(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49) (10,54,69) Overall: 47% to 100% (all US studies) (20,54,55,65).…”

Section: Linkage To Carementioning

confidence: 99%

A review of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) rapid testing

Foley

Paquette

et al. 2014

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Supervised blood-based self-sample collection and rapid test performance: a valuable alternative to the use of saliva by HIV testing programmes with no medical or nursing staff: Table 1

Abstract: The study provides clear evidence that this methodology is a valuable alternative to saliva for HIV testing programmes when medical or nursing staff required to take blood samples is not available.

Cited by 26 publications

References 5 publications

Are Participants in a Street-Based HIV Testing Program Able to Perform Their Own Rapid Test and Interpret the Results?

Are Participants in a Street-Based HIV Testing Program Able to Perform Their Own Rapid Test and Interpret the Results?

High acceptability of rapid HIV self-testing among a diverse sample of MSM from Buenos Aires, Argentina

A review of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) rapid testing

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