Supervisees’ Perspectives of Inadequate, Harmful, and Exceptional Clinical Supervision: Are We Listening?

Hutman, Heidi; Ellis, Michael V.; Moore, Jacob A.; Roberson, Katheryn; McNamara, Mackenzie L.; Peterson, Lawrence P.; Taylor, Englann J.; Zhou, Shangyun

doi:10.1177/00110000231172504

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Consistently, research has made it clear that the supervisory relationship is vital in the supervision process (e.g., Hutman et al, 2023). There is little to no dispute that competent supervisors are an essential ingredient in the supervision process, and that supervisory relationships are at the heart of competent supervision.…”

Section: Domain C: Supervisory Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond the dyad: Broadening the APA supervision guidelines to include group supervision.

Riva,

Smith

2024

Psychotherapy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Group supervision is an extensively used format across many training agencies, yet it has been largely disregarded in theory and research within the supervision literature. In fact, the Guidelines for Clinical Supervision in Health Service Psychology (American Psychological Association, 2015a) mentions group supervision only one time, despite the fact that supervision within a group context includes competencies and considerations that are both unique and essential to the effective and ethical practice of group supervision. Because supervision conducted with multiple supervisees is multilayered and-as a resultmore complex, group supervisors need to develop special skills that go beyond the supervision dyad. This article looks to the literature on supervision-both individual and group modalities-and on group psychotherapy to highlight the practices and processes that set group supervision apart. Building upon the seven supervision competencies outlined by the American Psychological Association (Supervisor Competence; Diversity; Supervisory Relationship; Professionalism; Assessment/Evaluation/Feedback; Professional Competence Problems; and Ethical, Legal and Regulatory Considerations), which currently concentrate exclusively on individual supervision, we extend each area to include distinct features of group supervision. We include recommendations for supervisor training and for the application of effective group supervision practices, as well as ideas on how best to approach the formal adoption of group supervision guidelines for psychotherapists. Our hope is that, either in a revision of the Guidelines for Clinical Supervision in Health Service Psychology or in a freestanding supplement to the Guidelines, guidance for group supervision will be more explicitly included. Clinical Impact StatementQuestion: How is clinical group supervision unique from clinical supervision conducted within a dyad? Findings: Group supervision, widely practiced, has important differences with individual supervision that have implications for effective and ethical training and practice. Meaning: Supervisors should consider the multitude of important complexities and strengths that occur in group supervision that go beyond individual supervision such as group dynamics, the supervisor and member relationships, the purpose, feedback to and evaluations of group supervisees to name a few. Next Steps: Ongoing research is needed on effective practices of group supervision and an expansion of the supervision competencies, or a new set of guidelines crafted that center on group supervision.

show abstract

Section: Domain C: Supervisory Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond the dyad: Broadening the APA supervision guidelines to include group supervision.

Riva,

Smith

2024

Psychotherapy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Additionally, it could equip trainees with guidance on how to prepare for and navigate steps at various levels (program, site, departmental, university, state, organizational, etc. ) should they encounter issues with insufficient or problematic clinical training (Hutman et al, 2023;Kangos et al, 2018). Yet, the significance of enhanced training transcends the realm of personal safeguarding.…”

Section: Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The hidden curriculum of gatekeeping: Dismissal experiences of health service psychology trainees.

Zhou,

Aggarwal,

Robbins

et al. 2024

Journal of Counseling Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Health service psychology (HSP) programs, encompassing clinical, counseling, and school psychology, play a pivotal role in shaping the U.S. health care workforce. Practicum and internship sites are critical gatekeepers within this training. However, there is limited empirical evidence available regarding the prevalence of clinical dismissal and its consequences for affected trainees. To bridge these gaps in our understanding of clinical dismissal during HSP training, Study 1 conducted an analysis of a quantitative survey involving training directors (N = 123) from HSP academic programs. The results revealed that 28% of programs reported at least one trainee having been dismissed from a practicum or internship site within the past seven years, with an overrepresentation of racial minority and international trainees. In addition, PsyD programs (56%) exhibited a significantly higher likelihood of having dismissed trainees compared to PhD programs (23%) over the same period. In Study 2, qualitative interview data were collected from ten trainees who had experienced dismissal during their HSP training. Using the Consensual Qualitative Research method, we identified six distinct domains, each comprising unique categories and subcategories: Antecedents to dismissal, reasons for dismissal, process of dismissal, chain reactions, trainee impact, and recommendations. Taken together, this mixed-method study highlights that clinical dismissal is not an uncommon occurrence in HSP training and raises significant concerns about the current implementation process. We illuminate structural issues and offer recommendations to improve the process of clinical dismissal within the HSP field. Public Significance StatementThis mixed-methods study reports the prevalence of clinical dismissal from practicum and internship for health-service psychology trainees, as well as demographic trends within dismissal. Interviews with trainees who have lived experiences of dismissal highlight the ambiguous nature of such procedures and their personal and professional impacts on trainees. Recommendations to create more equitable and empowered environments for trainees are provided.

show abstract

Section: The Cost Of Supervisory Limitations Regardingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Supervisor multicultural competency limitations are a key feature of mental health trainee experiences of inadequate and harmful supervision (Cook & Ellis, 2021; Hutman et al, 2023). In their taxonomy of supervision, Ellis et al (2014) characterized inadequate supervision as instances in whichThe supervisor is unable or unwilling to meet the criteria for minimally adequate supervision, to enhance the professional functioning of the supervisee, to monitor the quality of the professional services offered to the supervisee’s clients, or to serve as a gatekeeper to the profession.… (Ellis et al, 2014, p. 437).Depending on the circumstances, certain (though not all) inadequate supervision is dually classified as harmful within the taxonomy.…”

Section: The Cost Of Supervisory Limitations Regarding Race and Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Commonly, trainees report experiencing and/or witnessing instances of identity-based harassment and discrimination within the trainee–supervisory dyad (e.g., Cencirulo et al, 2021; Constantine & Sue, 2007; Ellis, 2017; Nilsson & Duan, 2007) as well as within clinical care and service delivery settings (Stewart & Bowers, 2013). Trainees report that these experiences recur and/or go unaddressed within the supervision forcing the trainee to seek outside resources to obtain alternate guidance for their clinical and professional development (e.g., Hutman et al, 2023). Uninterrogated and underappreciated structural and relational power differentials between faculty and trainees (Green & Dekkers, 2010; Hernández & McDowell, 2010) can make raising supervisory knowledge gaps and problematic behavior, feel not only challenging but professionally risky due to supervisor’s evaluative (APA, 2015; Bernard & Goodyear, 2019) and administrative (e.g., Tromski-Klingshirn, 2007) power.…”

Section: The Cost Of Supervisory Limitations Regarding Race and Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Getting Racism Out of Our Work (GROW): Design, deployment, and early outcomes for a program to increase psychology supervisor’s multicultural competence.

Childs,

Crusto,

Miller

2024

Training and Education in Professional Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

When psychology clinical supervisors lack the fundamental knowledge and skills required to provide racially and culturally competent supervision, trainee satisfaction, clinical practice, and professional development suffers. Knowledge of key culture and diversity frameworks must be paired with integrated skills and to improve racially and culturally responsive clinical supervisory practices for health service psychology trainees. Organized around Kern's six-step approach, this article describes the development and pilot implementation of the Getting Racism Out of Our Work core program to provide psychology supervisors with the aforementioned foundational knowledge and skills. Pilot participants reported high levels of satisfaction and applicability of program learning to their supervisory practice. Opportunities to improve the program, such as increasing access to expert consultants and improving accessibility via alternate formats (e.g., asynchronous learning) were noted. Key learnings and future directions are discussed. Public Significance StatementWhen psychology supervisors lack the knowledge and skills to provide racially and culturally responsive clinical supervision, psychology trainee's clinical practice, and professional development suffer. These supervisory deficits must be addressed with focused training. This article describes development and pilot implementation data for a program designed to provide psychology supervisors with key foundational frameworks and focused strategies to improve racially and culturally competent supervisory practices.

show abstract

Supervisees’ Perspectives of Inadequate, Harmful, and Exceptional Clinical Supervision: Are We Listening?

Cited by 10 publications

References 30 publications

Beyond the dyad: Broadening the APA supervision guidelines to include group supervision.

Beyond the dyad: Broadening the APA supervision guidelines to include group supervision.

The hidden curriculum of gatekeeping: Dismissal experiences of health service psychology trainees.

Getting Racism Out of Our Work (GROW): Design, deployment, and early outcomes for a program to increase psychology supervisor’s multicultural competence.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About