Supervisory Attentional System in Nonamnesic Alcoholic Men

Noël, Xavier; Linden, Martial Van der; Schmidt, Nicolás; Sferrazza, Rita; Hanak, Catherine; Bon, Olivier Le; Mol, Johan De; Kornreich, Charles; Pelc, Isidore; Verbanck, Paul

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.58.12.1152

Cited by 157 publications

(161 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Although these two tasks are sensitive to frontal lobe damage, this pattern of impairment is consistent with previous studies of alcohol-dependent subjects (Noel et al, 2001b;Ratti et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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Brain Morphometry and Cognitive Performance in Detoxified Alcohol-Dependents with Preserved Psychosocial Functioning

Chanraud

Martelli

Delain

et al. 2006

Neuropsychopharmacol

373

295

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The extent of structural brain damage and related cognitive deficits has been little described in alcohol-dependent individuals with preserved social functioning. Thus, we investigated the relationship between regional alterations, executive performance, and drinking history. Volumes of gray and white matter were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging voxel-based morphometry in healthy men and in detoxified alcohol-dependent men with good psychosocial functioning. Their executive performance was assessed using neuropsychological tests. Regression analyses were carried out in the regions in which volume differences were detected. Decreases in gray matter were detected bilaterally in alcohol-dependents in the dorsolateral frontal cortex (up to 20% lower), and to a lesser extent in the temporal cortex, insula, thalamus, and cerebellum. Decreases in white matter volume were widespread, being up to 10% in corpus callosum. The degradation of neuropsychological performance correlated with gray matter volume decreases in the frontal lobe, insula, hippocampus, thalami and cerebellum, and with white matter decrease in the brainstem. An early age at first drinking was associated with decreased gray matter volumes in the cerebellum, brainstem (pons), and frontal regions. Regional alteration in gray and white matter volume was associated with impairment of executive function despite preserved social and somatic functioning in detoxified patients. Besides involving frontal regions, these findings are consistent with a cerebello-thalamo-cortical model of impaired executive functions in alcohol-dependent individuals.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…However, as in other studies, we detected no relationship between neuropsychological performance and drinking history or alcohol-related biological variables (Noel et al, 2001b;Schafer et al, 1991).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Brain Morphometry and Cognitive Performance in Detoxified Alcohol-Dependents with Preserved Psychosocial Functioning

Chanraud

Martelli

Delain

et al. 2006

Neuropsychopharmacol

373

295

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Noël et al 2001), which might decrease performance on the Alcohol-Shifting task, we administrated the alpha-span task for assessing working memory (Belleville et al 1998).…”

Section: Alpha-span Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Noël et al 2001;Hildebrandt et al 2004). Among the executive functions, inhibition has been recognized as an essential system (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alcohol cues increase cognitive impulsivity in individuals with alcoholism

et al. 2007

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Background Individuals with alcoholism are characterized by both attentional bias for alcohol cues and prepotent response inhibition deficit. We tested the hypothesis that alcoholics exhibit greater cognitive disinhibition when the response to be suppressed is associated with alcohol-related information. Methods Forty recently detoxified individuals with alcoholism were compared with 40 healthy non-substance abusers on the "Alcohol-Shifting Task", a variant of the go/no-go paradigm requiring a motor response to targets and no response to distracters. The aim was to test the ability of alcoholics to discriminate between alcohol-related and neutral words. Sometimes, the alcohol-related words were the targets for the "go" response, with neutral words as distracters, sometimes the reverse. Several shifts in target type occurred during the task. Results Alcoholics made significantly more commission errors (i.e., press a key when a distracter displayed) and more omission errors (i.e., not press a key when a target displayed) than controls. Moreover, the number of commission errors was greater in alcoholics when alcoholrelated stimuli had to be detected. Conclusions These results demonstrate that alcoholics exhibit a basic prepotent response inhibition deficit, which is enhanced when the response to be suppressed is related to alcohol. We discuss clinical and theoretical implications of these findings.

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Integrity of white matter microstructure in alcoholics with and without Korsakoff's syndrome

Segobin

Ritz

Lannuzel

et al. 2015

Human Brain Mapping

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Alcohol dependence results in two different clinical forms: "uncomplicated" alcoholism (UA) and Korsakoff's syndrome (KS). Certain brain networks are especially affected in UA and KS: the frontocerebellar circuit (FCC) and the Papez circuit (PC). Our aims were (1) to describe the profile of white matter (WM) microstructure in FCC and PC in the two clinical forms, (2) to identify those UA patients at risk of developing KS using their WM microstructural integrity as a biomarker. Tract-based spatial statistics and nonparametric voxel-based permutation tests were used to compare diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data in 7 KS, 20 UA, and 14 healthy controls. The two patient groups were also pooled together and compared to controls. k-means classifications were then performed on mean fractional anisotropy values of significant clusters across all subjects for two fiber tracts from the FCC (the middle cerebellar peduncle and superior cerebellar peduncle) and two tracts from the PC (fornix and cingulum). We found graded effects of WM microstructural abnormalities in the PC of UA and KS. UA patients classified at risk of developing KS using fiber tracts of the PC from DTI data also had the lowest scores of episodic memory. That finding suggests that WM microstructure could be used as a biomarker for early detection of UA patients at risk of developing KS.

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Supervisory Attentional System in Nonamnesic Alcoholic Men

Cited by 157 publications

References 50 publications

Brain Morphometry and Cognitive Performance in Detoxified Alcohol-Dependents with Preserved Psychosocial Functioning

Brain Morphometry and Cognitive Performance in Detoxified Alcohol-Dependents with Preserved Psychosocial Functioning

Alcohol cues increase cognitive impulsivity in individuals with alcoholism

Integrity of white matter microstructure in alcoholics with and without Korsakoff's syndrome

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