Supplemental Online Materials of Trends in Land Surface Phenology across the Conterminous United States (1982-2016) Analyzed by NEON Domains

Liang, Liang; Henebry, Geoffrey M.; Liu, Lingling; Zhang, Xiaoyang; Hsu, Li-Chih

doi:10.13023/kjn2-p817

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“…Spatial details of the domain-specific LSP trends and their associated climatic drivers provide a useful domain-wide reference to the ongoing phenological, ecological, climatological, and cross-scale observations at the NEON terrestrial field sites and other distributed observatory networks. The supplemental online materials (Appendix S1; Data S1, S2; Liang et al 2020) provide detailed results by NEON domain as well as the raster data documenting the phenological trends.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trends in land surface phenology across the conterminous United States (1982‐2016) analyzed by NEON domains

Liang

Henebry

Liu

et al. 2021

Ecological Applications

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Tracking phenological change in a regionally explicit context is a key to understanding ecosystem status and change. The current study investigated long‐term trends of satellite‐observed land surface phenology (LSP) in the 17 National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) domains across the conterminous United States (CONUS). Characterization of LSP trends was based on a high temporal resolution (3‐d) time series of the two‐band enhanced vegetation index (EVI2) derived from a long‐term data record (LTDR) of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). We identified significant trend patterns in LSP and their seasonal climate and land use/land cover drivers for each NEON domain. Key findings include (1) the start of season (SOS) predominantly shifted later in 13 out of 17 domains (24.3% of CONUS by area) due potentially to both a lack of spring warming in the eastern United States and changes in agronomic practices over agricultural lands; (2) the end of season (EOS) became predominantly later in nine domains dominated by natural vegetation (14.1% of CONUS by area) in response to widespread warming in autumn; (3) the EOS predominantly shifted earlier in three domains (10.6% of CONUS by area) over primarily agricultural lands as potentially affected by changes in crop growth cycles; and (4) earlier shift in the SOS was mostly found in the Northwest (3.6% of CONUS by area) and was predominant only in the moist Pacific Northwest (27.7% of the domain by area) in response to more pronounced spring warming in the region. The overall patterns of SOS and EOS trends across CONUS appeared constrained by continental‐scale temperature trends as characterized by a west‐east dipole and the distribution of the nation's agricultural lands. In addition, seasonal trend analysis revealed that most NEON domains (15/17) became predominantly greener in part of or throughout the growing season, potentially contributed by both climate change‐induced growth increase and improved agricultural productivity. The domain‐wide LSP trends with their underlying drivers identified here provide important contextual information for NEON science as well as for investigations within CONUS using other distributed observatories (e.g., LTER, LTAR, FLUXNET, USA‐NPN, etc.).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additional supporting information may be found online at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eap.2323/full DATA AVAILABILITY Detailed results by NEON domain as well as the raster data documenting the phenological trends are available (Liang et al 2020) in UKnowledge at https://doi.org/10.13023/kjn2-p817.…”

Section: Supporting Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%