Supplemental Retinal Carotenoids Enhance Memory in Healthy Individuals with Low Levels of Macular Pigment in A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

Power, Rebecca; Coen, Robert F.; Beatty, Stephen; Mulcahy, Ríona; Moran, Rachel; Stack, Jim; Howard, Alan; Nolan, John M.

doi:10.3233/jad-170713

Cited by 58 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…The authors concluded that a higher intake of carotenoids, both from food and supplements, correlated significantly with better mental performance. These positive effects were confirmed in a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study by Power et al [78]. This study involved 91 persons with an average age of 45 years, who received either a supplement containing lutein (10 mg), zeaxanthin (2 mg), and meso-zeaxanthin (10 mg) or placebo for 12 months.…”

Section: Carotenoidsmentioning

confidence: 83%

The Role of Selected Bioactive Compounds in the Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease

Grodzicki

Dziendzikowska

2020

Antioxidants

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Neurodegeneration is a feature of many debilitating, incurable age-dependent diseases that affect the nervous system and represent a major threat to the health of elderly persons. Because of the ongoing process of aging experienced by modern societies, the increasing prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases is becoming a global public health concern. A major cause of age-related dementia is Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Currently, there are no effective therapies to slow, stop, or reverse the progression of this disease. However, many studies have suggested that modification of lifestyle factors, such as the introduction of an appropriate diet, can delay or prevent the onset of this disorder. Diet is currently considered to be a crucial factor in controlling health and protecting oneself against oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, and thus against chronic degenerative diseases. A large number of bioactive food compounds may influence the pathological mechanisms underlying AD. Among them, phenolic compounds, omega-3 fatty acids, fat-soluble vitamins, isothiocyanates, and carotenoids seem to be promising. They act not only as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents, but also as active modulators of the pathological molecular mechanisms that play a role in AD development, including the formation of amyloid plaques and tau tangles, the main hallmarks of AD pathology. In vivo animal model studies as well as clinical and epidemiological research suggest that nutritional intervention has a positive effect on the health of older people and may prevent age-related cognitive decline, especially when the diet contains more than one bioactive nutrient. The Mediterranean diet and in particular its combination with Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, which is called the MIND diet, are nutritional patterns based on many products rich in bioactive compounds that appear to be the most effective in preventing neurodegeneration. The present review gathers evidence that supports the neuroprotective effect of bioactive substances.

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Section: Carotenoidsmentioning

confidence: 83%

The Role of Selected Bioactive Compounds in the Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease

Grodzicki

Dziendzikowska

2020

Antioxidants

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“…Seven trials fulfilled the inclusion criteria of this systematic review, and all included studies had parallel designs (Table 1). Two studies [20,28] were performed as sub-studies of clinical trials that investigated the effects of macula carotenoid intake for improvement in visual function in a normal population and prevention of age-related macular degeneration.…”

Section: Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mean age of participants ranged from 21.21 to 73.74 years. Among the seven studies, one study included young college students [29], three studies included middle-aged adults (aged 40-60 years) [20,30,31], and three studies included elderly individuals (aged over 60 years) [21,28,32]. Four of the trials were conducted in the United States [21,28,29,32], two in Japan [30,31], and one was conducted in Ireland [20].…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intervention durations of the included studies were as follows: Four studies were conducted for 1 year [20,21,29,32], one study was 4 months long [28], one study was conducted for 12 weeks [30] and one study was conducted for 8 weeks [31].…”

Section: Interventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, narrative or hand reviews have indicated that the intake of carotenoids affects cognitive functions [19]. Notably, recent intervention studies using randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated a positive effect of the intake of carotenoids on cognitive functions [20,21]. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no SR of RCTs to assess the benefits of carotenoids on cognitive function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Lutein and Astaxanthin Intake on the Improvement of Cognitive Functions among Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

et al. 2020

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Background: Fruits and vegetables are generally rich in antioxidants such as carotenoids. Consumption of carotenoids is expected to have benefits on cognitive functions in humans. However, previous randomized controlled trials (RCT) using carotenoids have reported inconsistent results. Therefore, this systematic review (SR) aimed to summarize the effect of carotenoid intake on cognitive functions in humans. Method: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and PsychoINFO were searched for research papers on carotenoid intake with the criteria that 1) oral carotenoid intake was evaluated using RCTs, 2) participants were healthy young, middle-aged, or older, and 3) cognitive functions were measured using RCTs. Results: Five studies using lutein and two studies using astaxanthin met the inclusion criteria. Consumption of lutein and its isomer showed consistent results in selective improvement of visual episodic memory in young and middle-aged adults while inhibition was observed in middle-aged and older adults. One of the two included astaxanthin studies reported a significant improvement of verbal episodic memory performance in middle-aged adults. Conclusion: This SR showed that the 10 mg lutein per day for twelve months can lead to improvement of cognitive functions. Due to the small number of studies, it is difficult to conclude whether astaxanthin would have a positive effect on cognitive functions.

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Rising Atmospheric CO₂ Lowers Concentrations of Plant Carotenoids Essential to Human Health: A Meta‐Analysis

Loladze

Nolan

Ziska

et al. 2019

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Plant and human tissues (e.g., leaves, retina) share the need for carotenoids to protect against light‐induced and other oxidative stresses. While plants synthesize carotenoids de novo, humans must obtain them primarily through plant‐based foods. In plants, elevated levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (eCO2) decrease the concentrations of essential minerals, including magnesium and zinc (essential for brain and eye health), but the overall effect of globally rising CO2 levels on carotenoids is unknown. Here, investigation is sought on how eCO2 affects carotenoids in plants. A meta‐analysis of 1026 experimental observations from 37 studies shows that eCO2 decreases plant carotenoid concentrations by 15% (95% CI: −26% to −6%). The meta‐analysis of available gene expression data for Arabidopsis thaliana points to a potential CO2‐induced downregulation of carotenoid biosynthesis (Log2 fold‐change −13%, 95% CI: −17% to −9%). Some other stoichiometric and biochemical mechanisms related to CO2‐induced changes in carotenoids are also highlighted. While overall eCO2 decreases carotenoid concentrations, individual CO2 studies report variable responses, including increases in carotenoid levels, especially in abiotically stressed plants. The initial assessment raises a novel question about the potential effects of rising CO2 on human health through its global effect on plant carotenoids.

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Supplemental Retinal Carotenoids Enhance Memory in Healthy Individuals with Low Levels of Macular Pigment in A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

Cited by 58 publications

References 90 publications

The Role of Selected Bioactive Compounds in the Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease

The Role of Selected Bioactive Compounds in the Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease

Effects of Lutein and Astaxanthin Intake on the Improvement of Cognitive Functions among Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Rising Atmospheric CO₂ Lowers Concentrations of Plant Carotenoids Essential to Human Health: A Meta‐Analysis

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Supplemental Retinal Carotenoids Enhance Memory in Healthy Individuals with Low Levels of Macular Pigment in A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

Cited by 58 publications

References 90 publications

The Role of Selected Bioactive Compounds in the Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease

The Role of Selected Bioactive Compounds in the Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease

Effects of Lutein and Astaxanthin Intake on the Improvement of Cognitive Functions among Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Rising Atmospheric CO2 Lowers Concentrations of Plant Carotenoids Essential to Human Health: A Meta‐Analysis

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Rising Atmospheric CO₂ Lowers Concentrations of Plant Carotenoids Essential to Human Health: A Meta‐Analysis