Supplementary feeding as an effective tool for improving breeding success in the Spanish imperial eagle (Aquila adalberti)

González, Luis Mariano; Margalida, Antoni; Sánchez, Roberto; Oria, Javier

doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2005.11.014

Cited by 125 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…), and it therefore needs to be repaired regularly. In fact, the falling of chicks and nests as a result of weather conditions and/or the instability of the nest structure constitute one of the most significant causes of chick mortality (González et al 2006c). The green material brought to the nest to create the structure and lining can also regulate the nest temperature and may help to repel ectoparasites (Wimberger 1984).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental behaviour of Spanish Imperial EaglesAquila adalberti: sexual differences in a moderately dimorphic raptor

Margalida¹,

González²,

Sánchez³

et al. 2007

Bird Study

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental behaviour of Spanish Imperial EaglesAquila adalberti: sexual differences in a moderately dimorphic raptor

Margalida¹,

González²,

Sánchez³

et al. 2007

Bird Study

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“…This reduction negatively affected the population breeding parameters of this eagle (González et al 2006a, Margalida et al 2007. The fact that the new territories established after 1989 appear mainly in low quality habitats on the periphery of the breeding nuclei, could also explain the increase in the number of low quality territories.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The efficient implementation of the prohibition on the use of poison to eradicate terrestrial carnivores (mostly Red Fox Vulpes vulpes and Grey Wolf Canis lupus), until then a common practice (Rodríguez de la Fuente 1964, Garzón 1972, first in official hunting grounds in 1983 and, since 1989 on all land, contributed to raptor populations' recovery. In addition, other management practices such as supplementary feeding (González et al 2006a) and nest-vigilance to establish buffer zones (González et al 2006b) have probably contributed to this recovery during the last 15 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Status and habitat changes in the endangered Spanish Imperial Eagle Aquila adalberti population during 1974–2004: implications for its recovery

González

Oria²,

Sánchez³

et al. 2008

Bird Conservation International

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SummaryThe distribution and abundance of Spanish Imperial Eagle Aquila adalberti populations between 1974 and 2004 were determined using information from national censuses. Its breeding area occupies the south-western quadrant of the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal) and is composed of 13 nuclei and 5 subpopulations. Since 1974, population levels in all nuclei, except the one in Doñ ana, have expanded. The non-breeding dispersion area, according to sightings of juvenile and immature individuals in quadrants of 10 x 10 km, coincided with that of the breeding area. Bibliographical information showed that halfway through the 19 th century the Spanish Imperial Eagle was considered abundant, at least locally; and most cited breeding areas were in relatively human-occupied plains. Towards the end of the 19 th century the population became scarce; remaining so for most of the 20 th century, with remote mountain ranges being the most cited breeding habitats. The comparison between the data from the first census, in 1974, that located 38 territorial pairs, and the 2004 census that located 198 pairs, shows that: 1) percentages of pairs in plains have increased, while those in mountains have decreased; 2) the trophic quality of the habitat, based on rabbit abundance, has decreased, and 3) numbers of nests in both protected areas and on private ground have increased significantly. The type of land ownership did not seem to affect breeding performance. Populations have increased more outside protected areas than within, despite the availability of potential habitat. In the past century, legal protection and attitude changes towards this eagle seem to have been influential in preventing its extinction. At present, habitat management seems also to be an important factor in its continuing recovery.

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“…Therefore, policy-makers and managers have found in supplementary feeding actions a common, straightforward solution to many different conservation challenges of endangered populations, including increasing breeding success (e.g. González et al 2006;Margalida 2010b;Margalida et al 2017), providing safe food in areas where carcasses are poisoned or contaminated with veterinary drugs (e.g. Gilbert et al 2007), promoting the recolonization of abandoned areas (Mundy et al 1992) and aiding in reintroduction programmes (Chamberlain et al 2005).…”

Section: Usefulness Of Supplementary Feeding Sites For the Conservatimentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of Long-Term Studies to Conservation Practice: The Case of the Bearded Vulture in the Pyrenees

Margalida

2017

High Mountain Conservation in a Changing World

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Detailed, long-term scientific studies are necessary for conservation purposes, but with the main handicap to have the continual economic support required for them. Behavioural and conservation biology studies need long-term projects to achieve robust data, but managers, administrations and policy-makers need, in most cases, immediate results. Here I show several examples of the research obtained from a long-term study in one of the most threatened species in Pyrenean mountains, the bearded vulture (Gypaetus barbatus), highlighting the importance of such long-term research. The results show how long-term studies are necessary to identify conservation problems, to understand demographic changes on populations and priorities to apply conservation measures. The study's findings allowed the identification of the negative density-dependent effects on fecundity, the lack of recolonization of new territories outside the current distribution area and the increase in polyandrous trios, suggesting an initial optimal habitat saturation. From a management point of view, the studies show that supplementary feeding sites (SFS) can have detrimental effects on fecundity but increases pre-adult survival. Also, illegal poisoning is increasing, and the demographic simulations suggest a regressive scenario in population dynamics if this factor is not eliminated. More recently, anthropogenic activities through human health regulations that affect habitat quality can suddenly modify demographic parameters. The results obtained about changes in nest-site selection, mating system and demographic parameters can only be achieved through long-term studies, A. Margalida

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Supplementary feeding as an effective tool for improving breeding success in the Spanish imperial eagle (Aquila adalberti)

Cited by 125 publications

References 39 publications

Parental behaviour of Spanish Imperial EaglesAquila adalberti: sexual differences in a moderately dimorphic raptor

Parental behaviour of Spanish Imperial EaglesAquila adalberti: sexual differences in a moderately dimorphic raptor

Status and habitat changes in the endangered Spanish Imperial Eagle Aquila adalberti population during 1974–2004: implications for its recovery

Importance of Long-Term Studies to Conservation Practice: The Case of the Bearded Vulture in the Pyrenees

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