Supplementary vitamin E, selenium, cysteine and riboflavin for preventing kwashiorkor in preschool children in developing countries

Odigwe, Chibuzo; Smedslund, Geir; Ejemot-Nwadiaro, Regina Idu; Anyanechi, Chiedozie C; Krawinkel, Michael B.

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd008147.pub2

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…These suggest that severely malnourished children require more cysteine as a precursor of glutathione (GSH) for anti-oxidant defense, as a building block for acute-phase proteins or mucins for an adequate immune response, or for gut mucosal proteins supporting to reverse the impaired gut function associated with severe acute malnutrition [ 21 ]. However, the only randomized controlled trial identified through a Cochrane Review [ 38 ] did not show any effects of supplementary antioxidant micronutrients including cysteine to Malawian children on the occurrence of kwashiorkor [ 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Plasma Total Cysteine and Anthropometric Status in 6–30 Months Old Indian Children

et al. 2020

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High-quality protein has been associated with child growth; however, the role of the amino acid cysteine remains unclear. The aim was to measure the extent to which plasma total cysteine (tCys) concentration is associated with anthropometric status in children aged 6–30 months living in New Delhi, India. The study was a prospective cohort study including 2102 children. We calculated Z-scores for height-for-age (HAZ), weight-for-height (WHZ), or weight-for-age (WAZ) according to the WHO Child Growth Standards. We used multiple regression models to estimate the association between tCys and the anthropometric indices. A high proportion of the children were categorized as malnourished at enrolment; 41% were stunted (HAZ ≤ −2), 19% were wasted (WHZ ≤ −2) and 42% underweight (WAZ ≤ −2). Plasma total cysteine (tCys) was significantly associated with HAZ, WHZ and WAZ after adjusting for relevant confounders (p < 0.001). Low tCys (≤25th percentile) was associated with a decrease of 0.28 Z-scores for HAZ, 0.10 Z-scores for WHZ, and 0.21 Z-scores for WAZ compared to being >25th percentile. In young Indian children from low-to-middle socioeconomic neighborhoods, a low plasma total cysteine concentration was associated with an increased risk of poor anthropometric status.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Plasma Total Cysteine and Anthropometric Status in 6–30 Months Old Indian Children

et al. 2020

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“…Our study identifies an inverse relationship between vitamin E and BMD in children and adolescents. Vitamin E supplementation during childhood may be helpful in issues like lung function, kwashiorkor, or liver disease [47][48][49]. Vitamin E supplementation for children and adolescents could not improve bone health or even damage bone health.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between vitamin E status and bone mineral density in children and adolescents aged 8–19 years: Evidence based on NHANES 2005–2006, 2017–2018

et al. 2023

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Introduction Bone mineral density (BMD) in adolescence is a crucial determinant in osteoporosis and fragility fractures in older age. Vitamin E is the most abundant lipid-soluble antioxidant present in the blood. However, the association of vitamin E status with BMD in children and adolescents remains unclear. Methods We first measured the association of vitamin E status (serum α- and γ tocopherol) with BMD in children and adolescents with the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Multiple linear regression models were performed to evaluate their relationship after adjusting for a large range of covariates. Stratified analyses and interaction tests were used to explore their effects on different genders, ages, and races/ethnicities. Results 13,606 children and adolescents from NHANES (2005–2006, 2017–2018) were included in our analysis. Compared with the lowest α-tocopherol quartile, individuals in the highest α-tocopherol quartile are likelier to be Non-Hispanic White and have a higher value of poverty income ratio (PIR). They have a lower value of serum phosphorus and lumbar spine BMD. Every 1umol/L increase in serum α- and γ- tocopherol, the lumbar spine BMD decreased by -0.0016 and -0.0068 g/cm2. Compared with the lowest quartile serum α- and γ- tocopherol concentration, individuals in the highest quartile have a -0.0223 and -0.0329 g/cm2 lower mean BMD, respectively. Interaction effects suggest that the negative effect is more prominent among female youth, individuals aged 8–13 years, non-Hispanic whites, Mexican Americans, and non-Hispanic blacks. Conclusions Our study indicates serum α- and γ-tocopherol are negatively correlated with lumbar BMD. Age, gender, and race may have a modifying effect on this relationship. Our study has an important clinical implication. A higher vitamin E status for children and adolescents could not improve BMD, even decrease BMD. More prospective research with stronger evidence is needed to verify our findings and their underlying mechanisms.

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Amino acid-enriched plant-based RUTF treatment was not inferior to peanut-milk RUTF treatment in restoring plasma amino acid levels among patients with oedematous or non-oedematous malnutrition

Sato

Furuta

Akomo³

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) with adequate quality protein is used to treat children with oedematous and non-oedematous severe acute malnutrition (SAM). The plasma amino acid (AA) profile reflects the protein nutritional status; hence, its assessment during SAM treatment is useful in evaluating AA delivery from RUTFs. The objective was to evaluate the plasma AAs during the treatment of oedematous and non-oedematous SAM in community-based management of acute malnutrition (CMAM) using amino acid-enriched plant-based RUTFs with 10% milk (MSMS-RUTF) or without milk (FSMS-RUTF) compared to peanut milk RUTF (PM-RUTF). Plasma AA was measured in a non-blinded, 3-arm, parallel-group, simple randomized controlled trial conducted in Malawi. The RUTFs used for SAM were FSMS-RUTF, MSMS-RUTF or PM-RUTF. A non-inferiority hypothesis was tested to compare plasma AA levels from patients treated with FSMS-RUTF or MSMS-RUTF with those from patients treated with PM-RUTF at discharge. For both types of SAM, FSMS-RUTF and MSMS-RUTF treatments were non-inferior to the PM-RUTF treatment in restoration of the EAA and cystine except that for FSMS-RUTF, methionine and tryptophan partially satisfied the non-inferiority criteria in the oedematous group. Amino-acid-enriched milk-free plant-source-protein RUTF has the potential to restore all the EAA, but it is possible that enrichment with amino acids may require more methionine and tryptophan for oedematous children.

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Supplementary vitamin E, selenium, cysteine and riboflavin for preventing kwashiorkor in preschool children in developing countries

Cited by 6 publications

References 21 publications

Association of Plasma Total Cysteine and Anthropometric Status in 6–30 Months Old Indian Children

Association of Plasma Total Cysteine and Anthropometric Status in 6–30 Months Old Indian Children

Associations between vitamin E status and bone mineral density in children and adolescents aged 8–19 years: Evidence based on NHANES 2005–2006, 2017–2018

Amino acid-enriched plant-based RUTF treatment was not inferior to peanut-milk RUTF treatment in restoring plasma amino acid levels among patients with oedematous or non-oedematous malnutrition

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