Supplementation of culture medium with L-carnitine improves development and cryotolerance of bovine embryos produced in vitro

Takahashi, T.; Inaba, Yasushi; Somfai, T.; Kaneda, Masahiro; Geshi, Masaya; Nagai, Takashi; Manabe, Noboru

doi:10.1071/rd11262

Cited by 87 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Carnitine supplementation during maturation increases the expression of both anti-and proapoptotic genes, as well as transcription factors in bovine oocytes (You et al 2012). Bovine blastocysts, after culture with carnitine, had elevated expression of genes related to ATP synthesis and oxidative phosphorylation and decreased expression of Bax, a proapoptotic gene (Takahashi et al 2013). High concentrations of palmitic acid, resulting in increased oocyte lipid content, and decreased development post fertilization tended to increase the expression of Cpt2, suggesting that oocytes may have increased the movement of fatty acids into the mitochondria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty acid metabolism during maturation affects glucose uptake and is essential to oocyte competence

Paczkowski¹,

Schoolcraft²,

Krisher³

2014

Reproduction

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Fatty acid b-oxidation (FAO) is essential for oocyte maturation in mice. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of etomoxir (a FAO inhibitor; 100 mM), carnitine (1 mM), and palmitic acid (1 or 100 mM) during maturation on metabolism and gene expression of the oocyte and cumulus cells, and subsequent embryo development in the mouse. Carnitine significantly increased embryo development, while there was a decrease in development following maturation with 100 mM palmitic acid or etomoxir (P!0.05) treatment. Glucose consumption per cumulus-oocyte complex (COC) was decreased after treatment with carnitine and increased following etomoxir treatment (P!0.05). Intracellular oocyte lipid content was decreased after carnitine or etomoxir exposure (P!0.05). Abundance of Slc2a1 (Glut1) was increased after etomoxir treatment in the oocyte and cumulus cells (P!0.05), suggesting stimulation of glucose transport and potentially the glycolytic pathway for energy production when FAO is inhibited. Abundance of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (Cpt2) tended to increase in oocytes (PZ0.1) after treatment with 100 mM palmitic acid and in cumulus cells after exposure to 1 mM palmitic acid (PZ0.07). Combined with carnitine, 1 mM palmitic acid increased the abundance of Acsl3 (P!0.05) and Cpt2 tended to increase (PZ0.07) in cumulus cells, suggesting FAO was increased during maturation in response to stimulators and fatty acids. In conclusion, fatty acid and glucose metabolism are related to the mouse COC, as inhibition of FAO increases glucose consumption. Stimulation of FAO decreases glucose consumption and lipid stores, positively affecting subsequent embryo development, while an overabundance of fatty acid or reduced FAO negatively affects oocyte quality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty acid metabolism during maturation affects glucose uptake and is essential to oocyte competence

Paczkowski¹,

Schoolcraft²,

Krisher³

2014

Reproduction

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“…The high sensitivity of oocytes to chilling injury because of large amounts of cytoplasmic lipid droplets [74] can be overcome by mechanical removal of lipid droplets [74,141], their reduction by chemical agents [142], and supplementation of culture media with L-carnitine that is known to play an essential role in fat metabolism [143][144][145].…”

Section: Reducing Chilling Sensitivity Of Oocytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryopreservation of mammalian oocytes and embryos: current problems and future perspectives

Moussa

Shen

Zhang

et al. 2014

Sci. China Life Sci.

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Cryopreservation techniques for mammalian oocytes and embryos have rapidly progressed during the past two decades, emphasizing their importance in various assisted reproductive technologies. Pregnancies and live births resulting from cryopreserved oocytes and embryos of several species including humans have provided proof of principle and led to the adoption of cryopreservation as an integral part of clinical in vitro fertilization. Considerable progress has been achieved in the development and application of the cryopreservation of mammalian oocytes and embryos, including preservation of the reproductive potential of patients who may become infertile, establishment of cryopreserved oocyte banks, and transport of oocytes and embryos internationally. However, the success rates are still far lower than those obtained with fresh oocytes and embryos, and there are still obstacles that need to be overcome. In this review, we address the major obstacles in the development of effective cryopreservation techniques. Such knowledge may help to eliminate these hurdles by revealing which aspects need improvement. Furthermore, this information may encourage further research by cryobiologists and increase the practical use of cryopreservation as a major part of assisted reproductive technologies for both humans and animal species. cryopreservation, mammals, oocytes, embryos, cryoinjuries Citation:Moussa M, Shu J, Zhang XH, Zeng FY. Cryopreservation of mammalian oocytes and embryos: current problems and future perspectives. Sci China Life Sci, 2014, 57: 903 -914,

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“…Transfer of embryos produced in vitro and preserved by freezing has become routine 36 in dairy production to increase the number of offspring from genetically superior cows Reported in recent studies, another means of reducing intracellular lipid content might 56 be to add L-carnitine (a co-factor of fatty acid transport into the mitochondrial matrix) to 57 the embryo culture medium (Phongnimitr et al 2013;Takahashi et al 2013). This …”

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confidence: 99%

Genetic influence on the reduction in bovine embryo lipid content by L-carnitine

Baldoceda

Gagné

Ferreira

et al. 2016

Reprod. Fertil. Dev.

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The decreased rate of pregnancy obtained in cattle using frozen in vitro embryos compared with in vivo embryos has been associated with over-accumulation of intracellular lipid, which causes cell damage during cryopreservation. It is believed that the higher lipid content of blastomeres of bovine embryos produced in vitro results in darker-coloured cytoplasm, which could be a consequence of impaired mitochondrial function. In this study, l-carnitine was used as a treatment to reduce embryonic lipid content by increasing metabolism in cultured bovine embryos. We have observed previously that in vivo embryos of different dairy breeds collected from cows housed and fed under the same conditions differed in lipid content and metabolism. As such, breed effects between Holstein and Jersey were also examined in terms of general appearance, lipid composition, mitochondrial activity and gene expression. Adding l-carnitine to the embryo culture medium reduced the lipid content in both breeds due to increased mitochondrial activity. The response to l-carnitine was weaker in Jersey than in Holstein embryos. Our results thus show that genetics influence the response of bovine embryos to stimulation of mitochondrial metabolism.

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Supplementation of culture medium with L-carnitine improves development and cryotolerance of bovine embryos produced in vitro

Cited by 87 publications

References 42 publications

Fatty acid metabolism during maturation affects glucose uptake and is essential to oocyte competence

Fatty acid metabolism during maturation affects glucose uptake and is essential to oocyte competence

Cryopreservation of mammalian oocytes and embryos: current problems and future perspectives

Genetic influence on the reduction in bovine embryo lipid content by L-carnitine

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