Supplementation of Lactobacillus curvatus HY7601 and Lactobacillus plantarum KY1032 in Diet-Induced Obese Mice Is Associated with Gut Microbial Changes and Reduction in Obesity

Abstract

ObjectiveTo investigate the functional effects of probiotic treatment on the gut microbiota, as well as liver and adipose gene expression in diet-induced obese mice.DesignMale C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks to induce obesity, and then randomized to receive HFD+probiotic (Lactobacillus curvatus HY7601 and Lactobacillus plantarum KY1032, n = 9) or HFD+placebo (n = 9) for another 10 weeks. Normal diet (ND) fed mice (n = 9) served as non-obese controls.ResultsDiet-induced obese mice treated with probiotics showed reduced body weight gain and fat accumulation as well as lowered plasma insulin, leptin, total-cholesterol and liver toxicity biomarkers. A total of 151,061 pyrosequencing reads for fecal microbiota were analyzed with a mean of 6,564, 5,274 and 4,464 reads for the ND, HFD+placebo and HFD+probiotic groups, respectively. Gut microbiota species were shared among the experimental groups despite the different diets and treatments. The diversity of the gut microbiota and its composition were significantly altered in the diet-induced obese mice and after probiotic treatment. We observed concurrent transcriptional changes in adipose tissue and the liver. In adipose tissue, pro-inflammatory genes (TNFα, IL6, IL1β and MCP1) were down-regulated in mice receiving probiotic treatment. In the liver, fatty acid oxidation-related genes (PGC1α, CPT1, CPT2 and ACOX1) were up-regulated in mice receiving probiotic treatment.ConclusionsThe gut microbiota of diet-induced obese mice appears to be modulated in mice receiving probiotic treatment. Probiotic treatment might reduce diet-induced obesity and modulate genes associated with metabolism and inflammation in the liver and adipose tissue.

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, the Gut Microbiome, and Diet

“…Manipulating the gut microbiota with probiotics may improve dysbiosis associated with an HFD. In support of this, consumption of an HFD upregulates the expression of genes involved in hepatic lipid biosynthesis, and supplementation with Lactobacillus curvatus HY7601 and Lactobacillus plantarum KY1032 upregulates the expression of genes involved in hepatic FA oxidation (57). Another study showed that increasing tissue n-3 PUFAs in the gut alters the gut bacterial composition, which is associated with a decrease in LPS and gut permeability and eventually results in metabolic endotoxemia and inflammation (95).…”

Beneficial modulation of the gut microbiota

“…Rijkers et al categorised the benefit of probiotics into three levels based on location and method; (1) interference with the growth or survival of pathogenic microorganisms in the gut lumen, (2) improvement of mucosal barrier function or mucosal immune system and (3) influence beyond the gut through the systemic immune system and other organs [125]. A study undertaken by Park et al found that DIO mice treated with the probiotic strains Lactobacillus curvatus HY7601 and Lactobacillus plantarum KY1032 experienced reduced body weight gain and fat accumulation in addition to lowered plasma insulin, leptin, total-cholesterol and liver toxicity biomarkers compared to a group on the same diet supplemented with a placebo [126]. Supplementation with these probiotic strains also resulted in down-regulation of pro-inflammatory genes in adipose tissue, up-regulation of fatty acid oxidation-related genes in the liver and significant alterations in the diversity and function of the gut microbiota.…”

Anti-Obesity Effects of Starter Fermented Kimchi on 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

“…and Lactobacillus sp. have been reported to suppress the development of obesity (10,11), and starter (Leu. mesenteroides)-fermented kimchi has been reported to regulate adipogenesis-and lipogenesis-related genes (e.g., PPAR, C/EBP, and FAS) in obese mice (4).…”

“…and Lactobacillus sp. (the kimchi-derived LAB) have various physiological activities (7) and suppress the progress of obesity (10,11). The use of Leu.…”