Supplementation of tributyrin, alone and in combination with fructooligosaccharide in high soybean meal diets for shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei ): Effects on growth, innate immunity and intestinal morphology

Abstract

A 6-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of adding tributyrin (TB), alone and in combination with fructooligosaccharides (FOS) in high soybean meal (SBM) diets on growth performance, innate immunity and intestinal morphology of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated: positive control diet (PC, containing 250 g/kg fishmeal (FM) and 285 g/ kg SBM), control diet (C, containing 125 g/kg FM and 439.2 g/kg SBM) and four experimental diets with 10 g/kg TB (T1), 10 g/kg TB + 1.0 g/kg FOS (T2), 10 g/kg TB + 2.0 g/kg FOS (T3) and 10 g/kg TB + 4.0 g/kg FOS (T4) supplemented to the control diet. The results showed that shrimps fed diet C had the poorest growth, and no significant differences in growth performance and survival rates were observed in shrimps fed diets PC, T1, T3 and T4. Dietary TB supplementation significantly enhanced hepatopancreas trypsin, haemolymph ACP and AKP activities and also improved mucosal thickness (MT) (p < .05). Compared with supplementation of TB alone, the combination of TB and FOS not only further improved the above indicators but also enhanced the villus height (VH), hepatopancreas lipase and haemolymph SOD activities, while hepatopancreas MDA level decreased significantly (p < .05), especially in groups with higher doses of FOS (2 and 4 g/kg). In conclusion, partial FM replacement with SBM had negative effects on shrimp, and TB alone and in combination with FOS can improve the growth performance, innate immunity and maintain healthy intestinal morphology of shrimps fed with high SBM diets.

Effects of tributyrin on growth performance, immune response and intestinal barrier function of juvenile grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idellus ) fed diets with high cottonseed and rapeseed meal

“…The present study showed that the addition of TB to high CRM diets tended to improve the growth performance of grass carp so that the addition of 1000 mg/kg TB presented the same growth as compared with the PC group. These results are consistent with results obtained from common carp (Xie et al, 2021) and shrimp (Liu et al, 2021). This result may be due to the fact that TB can improve the intestinal health of fish.…”

“…In this study, the addition of TB to a high CRM diet increased the levels of AKP, C3, C4 and IgM in the serum, which indicated that TB can improve immune function of grass carp. Similarly, various previous studies have reported that TB supplementation in feed can also increase the production of immunoglobulins (Liang et al, 2021) and the AKP activity (Liu et al, 2021). A possible reason is that TB can improve immune function by controlling the inflammatory response and regulating the expression of anti-inflammatory factors (Leonel et al, 2013).…”

Host‐associated Bacillus siamensis and Lactococcus petauri improved growth performance, innate immunity, antioxidant activity and ammonia tolerance in juvenile Japanese seabass ( Lateolabrax japonicus )

“…However, not all probiotics can achieve positive benefits in aquatic animals because many probiotics originated from milk, cheese or other terrestrial sources (Doan et al, 2018). Studies have shown that fish fed low SBM diet showed better growth performance, health status and intestinal microbiota than those fed high SBM diet (Li, Zhang, et al, 2012;Li, Ai, et al, 2012;Li et al, 2014;Zhang et al, 2016), and healthy gut microbiota is strongly associated with improvements in host health and well-being (Hoseinifar et al, 2018;Liu et al, 2021). In the present study, we isolated and selected five host-associated potential probiotic strains and found that they only occur or present in a high proportion in the intestine of L. japonicus fed SBM-free diet, indicating that the strains might benefit the growth and health of L. japonicus.…”

“…Generally speaking, serum immune parameters directly reflected the health status of organisms (Liu et al, 2021). Serum immunoglobulin and complement 3 (C3) are the primary components of the immune system, which play critical roles in alerting the host immune system in the presence of potential pathogens as well as their clearance, and IgM is the main immunoglobulin present in fish (Sun et al, 2010).…”

“…Studies have shown that Japanese seabass (L. japonicus) fed low soybean meal (SBM) diet showed better growth performance and health status than those fed high SBM diet (Li, Zhang, et al, 2012;Li et al, , 2014Zhang et al, 2016). Considering healthy gut microbiota is strongly associated with host health and wellbeing (Hoseinifar et al, 2018;Liu et al, 2021), we postulated that some potential beneficial bacteria exist in the intestine of host fish fed low SBM diet.…”