Supplementation with fat-coated rumen-protected glucose during the transition period enhances milk production and influences blood biochemical parameters of liver function and inflammation in dairy cows

Li, X.P.; Tan, Zhiliang; Jiao, Jinzhen; Long, Dong; Zhou, Chuan; Yi, Kangle; Liu, C.H.; Kang, Jian; Wang, M.; Fu-jian, Duan; Tang, Shaoxun; He, Zhixiong; Han, Xue

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.04.010

Cited by 21 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…The cows were fed a basal total mixed ration diet supplemented with 0, 200, 350, and 500 g of RPG per cow per day, respectively, from calving to 35 days postpartum with the first 7 days for adaptation. The RPG dosage was based on the dosage requirements provided by the manufacturer (200 to 500 g/cow/day) and a previous study, in which Li et al ( 4 ) indicated that 200-g dietary RPG supplementation seemed to be insufficient for the elevated energy consumption combined with increased milk production. The RPG used in this study adopted the latest international rumen enveloping technology, and the rumen protection level of the product was 54.03% ( 6 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glucose is a key nutrient for the maintenance of basic functions of body tissues and the synthesis of milk during lactation (3). Rumen-protected glucose (RPG) improved the lactation on November 6, 2020 by guest http://aem.asm.org/ Downloaded from performance and enhanced the immune function of dairy cows in early lactation (4,5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glucose is a key nutrient for the maintenance of basic functions of body tissues and the synthesis of milk during lactation ( 3 ). Rumen-protected glucose (RPG) improved the lactation performance and enhanced the immune function of dairy cows in early lactation ( 4 , 5 ). However, Li et al ( 4 ) reported that a supplement amount of RPG of 200 g/day during the transition period was not sufficient to meet the increased requirement in energy consumption and milk production and therefore more body fat would be mobilized to meet the energy demand, which would have a negative impact on hepatic function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rumen-protected glucose (RPG) improved the lactation performance and enhanced the immune function of dairy cows in early lactation ( 4 , 5 ). However, Li et al ( 4 ) reported that a supplement amount of RPG of 200 g/day during the transition period was not sufficient to meet the increased requirement in energy consumption and milk production and therefore more body fat would be mobilized to meet the energy demand, which would have a negative impact on hepatic function. In addition, Wang et al ( 6 ) measured the rumen degradation rate of RPG and demonstrated that different doses of RPG had a certain influence on rumen fermentation indexes of dairy cows, which indicated that RPG does not pass through the rumen completely and has an influence on rumen fermentation, but these aspects are often ignored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ruminal Degradation of Rumen-Protected Glucose Influences the Ruminal Microbiota and Metabolites in Early-Lactation Dairy Cows

Wang

Nan

Zhao

et al. 2021

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Rumen-protected glucose (RPG) plays an important role in alleviating the negative energy balance of dairy cows. This study used a combination of rumen microbes 16S and metabolomics to elucidate the changes of rumen microbial composition and rumen metabolites of different doses of RPG's rumen degradation part in early lactation dairy cows. Twenty-four multiparous Holstein cows in early lactation were randomly allocated to control (CON), low RPG (LRPG), medium RPG (MRPG) or high RPG (HRPG) groups in a randomized block design. The cows were fed a basal total mixed ration diet with 0, 200, 350 and 500 g RPG per cow per day, respectively. Rumen fluid samples were analyzed using Illumina MiSeq sequencing and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. MRPG supplementation increased bacterial richness and diversity, including increasing the relative abundance of cellulolytic bacteria, such as Ruminococcus, Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group, Ruminiclostridium, and Lachnospiraceae_UCG-008. MRPG significantly increased the concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total volatile fatty acid in the rumen. Ruminal fluid metabolomics analysis showed that RPG supplementation could significantly regulate the synthesis of amino acids digested by protozoa in the rumen. Correlation analysis of ruminal microbiome and metabolome revealed some potential relationships between major bacteria abundance and metabolites concentrations. Our analysis found that RPG supplementation of different doses can change the diversity of microorganisms in the rumen and affect the rumen fermentation pattern and microbial metabolism, and a daily supplement of 350 g RPG might be the ideal dose. IMPORTANCE Dairy cows in early lactation are prone to negative energy balance because their dry matter intake cannot meet the energy requirements of lactation. Rumen-protected glucose is used as an effective feed additive to alleviate the negative energy balance of dairy cows in early lactation. But one thing that is overlooked is that people often think that rumen-protected glucose is not degraded in the rumen, thus ignoring its impact on the microorganisms in the rumen environment. Our investigation and previous experiments have found that rumen-protected glucose is partially degraded in the rumen. However, there are few reports on this part of the research. Therefore, we conducted research on this problem and found that 350g/d rumen-protected glucose supplementation can promote the development and metabolism of rumen flora. This provides a theoretical basis for the extensive application of rumen bypass glucose in the later stage.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glucose is a key nutrient for the maintenance of basic functions of body tissues and the synthesis of milk during lactation (3). Rumen-protected glucose (RPG) improved the lactation on November 6, 2020 by guest http://aem.asm.org/ Downloaded from performance and enhanced the immune function of dairy cows in early lactation (4,5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glucose is a key nutrient for the maintenance of basic functions of body tissues and the synthesis of milk during lactation ( 3 ). Rumen-protected glucose (RPG) improved the lactation performance and enhanced the immune function of dairy cows in early lactation ( 4 , 5 ). However, Li et al ( 4 ) reported that a supplement amount of RPG of 200 g/day during the transition period was not sufficient to meet the increased requirement in energy consumption and milk production and therefore more body fat would be mobilized to meet the energy demand, which would have a negative impact on hepatic function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Ruminal Degradation of Rumen-Protected Glucose Influences the Ruminal Microbiota and Metabolites in Early-Lactation Dairy Cows

Wang

Nan

Zhao

et al. 2021

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Feeding RPG is becoming an alternative strategy to increase glucose and the energy supply for dairy cows. Our previous studies also indicated that RPG plays a key role in improving post-natal lactation and inflammation [11]. However, little information is available on RPG supplementation on the uterine involution and IGF system in the endometrium during the early post-natal period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rumen-Protected Glucose Stimulates the Insulin-Like Growth Factor System and mTOR/AKT Pathway in the Endometrium of Early Postpartum Dairy Cows

Han

Tan

Kang

et al. 2020

Animals

Self Cite

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This study aimed to elucidate the effects of a dietary rumen-protected glucose (RPG) addition on uterine involution through the analysis of an insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system and associated pathways in the post-natal endometrium. Twelve Holstein cows were assigned equally to two groups: a control group (CT) and an RPG group (200 g of RPG per cow per day). The plasma content of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) was determined by using the ELISA method. Expressions of IGF members, the matrix metalloproteinase, protein kinase B (AKT)/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex1 (mTOR) signaling pathway, and cell proliferation factors (proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki67) were detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence, respectively. The results showed that the positive cells of PCNA and Ki67 were increased in the endometrium of RPG versus CT cows. The RPG addition significantly increased the plasma IGF1 level 14 d after delivery. The mRNA expressions of the IGF family members (IGF1, IGF2, type 1 IGF receptor (IGF1R) and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP1, IGFBP2, IGFBP4 and IGFBP5)) were upregulated, and mRNA expressions of matrix metalloproteinase MMP3 and MMP9 were downregulated in cows from the RPG group compared with the CT group. Meanwhile, the protein expressions of IGF1, IGF2, IGF1R, IGFBP1 and IGFBP4 were upregulated in cows from the RPG group compared with the CT group. Immunohistochemical analysis identified a positive response for IGF1R and IGF2R in the endometrium of RPG versus CT cows. Furthermore, the RPG supplementation increased the protein expressions of phosphorylated (p)-AKT to total AKT and p-mTOR to total mTOR ratio in the endometrium. The current results indicated that the RPG supplementation promoted the proliferation of endometrial cells by stimulating the IGFs and mTOR/AKT pathway in the early post-natal endometrium of dairy cows.

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Effects of fresh‐cow grouping strategy and rumen‐protected glucose on production performance, reproductive variables and risk of culling in Holstein cows

Kim

Ahmadi

Babajanzade-Sorati

et al. 2023

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Background:The interaction effects of duration of stay in fresh-cow diet and supplementation with rumen-protected glucose (RPG) on productivity of dairy cows are largely unknown. We hypothesised that a faster transition from fresh-cow diet (higher forage:concentrate) to lactation-cow diet (lower forage:concentrate), combined with supplementation of fresh-cow diet with RPG will have positive effects on production and health of dairy cows.Objectives: To investigate the immediate and long-term effects of length of stay in fresh-cow diet and supplementation with RPG on productive and reproductive performance of high-producing dairy cows.Methods: A total of 264 multiparous Holstein cows (average parity ± standard deviation = 3.2 ± 1.3, ranging from 2 to 6) were used in a 2 × 2 factorially arranged trial.Treatments were the feeding duration of a fresh-cow diet for 14 or 21 days, each combined by daily supplementation of the fresh-cow diet with ground corn grain or RPG product top dressed at 500 g/day/head. Results:The earlier transition from fresh-cow to lactation diet resulted in greater milk production from 15 through 21 days in milk (DIM; by 2.28 kg/day), and also fat-corrected milk production on 30 and 60 DIM, respectively. Corn grain or RPG supplementation did not affect the average milk production (1 to 21 DIM), as well as milk production and composition on 30 and 60 DIM. Although extent of body condition loss at transition tended to be lesser in cows switching faster to lactation diet, these cows lost more body condition from 30 to 90 DIM. Survival analysis on calvingto-conception interval and time to removal from herd did not find any significant difference across treatments. Conclusions:The positive effects of earlier transition from fresh-cow to lactation diet were evident by greater milk production from 15 through 21 DIM, and fat-corrected milk production (30 and 60 DIM), at the expense of body condition in high-producingThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Supplementation with fat-coated rumen-protected glucose during the transition period enhances milk production and influences blood biochemical parameters of liver function and inflammation in dairy cows

Cited by 21 publications

References 50 publications

Ruminal Degradation of Rumen-Protected Glucose Influences the Ruminal Microbiota and Metabolites in Early-Lactation Dairy Cows

Ruminal Degradation of Rumen-Protected Glucose Influences the Ruminal Microbiota and Metabolites in Early-Lactation Dairy Cows

Rumen-Protected Glucose Stimulates the Insulin-Like Growth Factor System and mTOR/AKT Pathway in the Endometrium of Early Postpartum Dairy Cows

Effects of fresh‐cow grouping strategy and rumen‐protected glucose on production performance, reproductive variables and risk of culling in Holstein cows

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