Supplementation with selenium and human immune cell functions: I. Effect on lymphocyte proliferation and interleukin 2 receptor expression

Saux

The Journal of Immunology

et al. 2007

Asthma is driven by allergic airway inflammation and involves increased levels of oxidative stress. This has led to speculation that antioxidants like selenium (Se) may play important roles in preventing or treating asthma. We fed diets containing low (0.08 parts per million), medium (0.25 parts per million), or high (2.7 parts per million) Se to female C57BL/6 mice and used an established OVA challenge protocol to determine the relationship between Se intake and the development of allergic airway inflammation. Results demonstrated that mice fed medium levels of Se had robust responses to OVA challenge in the lung as measured by lung cytokine levels, airway cellular infiltrate, eosinophilia, serum anti-OVA IgE, airway hyperreactivity, goblet cell hyperplasia, and phosphorylated STAT-6 levels in the lung. In contrast, responses to OVA challenge were less robust in mice fed low or high levels of Se. In particular, mice fed low Se chow showed significantly lower responses compared with mice fed medium Se chow for nearly all readouts. We also found that within the medium Se group the expression of lung glutathione peroxidase-1 and liver selenoprotein P were increased in OVA-challenged mice compared with PBS controls. These data suggest that Se intake and allergic airway inflammation are not related in a simple dose-response manner, which may explain the inconsistent results obtained from previous descriptive studies in humans. Also, our results suggest that certain selenoproteins may be induced in response to Ag challenges within the lung.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Higher levels of Se enhance the function of cells of both the innate and the adaptive immune system and lead to stronger immune responses against particular pathogens or Ags (7)(8)(9). Se is unique among antioxidants in that it exerts its biological effects through its direct incorporation into proteins (selenoproteins) as the amino acid selenocysteine.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Role for Dietary Selenium and Selenoproteins in Allergic Airway Inflammation

Saux

The Journal of Immunology

et al. 2007

“…Indeed, studies have supported a link between low selenium concentrations, low GSH-Px-activity and increased NFkB activation and viral transcription (Christensen and Pursey, 1994;Sandstrom et al, 1994;. In addition to its function as an antioxidant, immunemodulating properties, have been attributed to selenium (Petrie HT et al, 1989;Perez et al, 1991;Stabel and Spears, 1993;Kiremdjian-Schumacher et al, 1994;Roy et al, 1994). The HIV-gene product, Tat (trans-acting transcriptional activator) in addition to being essential for virus replication, down regulates cellular manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), consequently resulting in an increase in superoxide radical concentration (Flores, 1993;Westendorp, 1995;Ehret et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum selenium, plasma glutathione (GSH) and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)-levels in asymptomatic versus symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)-infection

Look

Rockstroh

Rao³

et al. 1997

Eur J Clin Nutr

139

Objectives: Antioxidant defense status was investigated in HIV-infected patients by measuring serum selenium, erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, plasma thiol (-SH) and glutathione (GSH) concentrations along with the assessment of the clinical stage and surrogate markers of HIV-disease. Design, setting and subjects: Serum selenium levels were determined cross-sectionally in 104 sequentially selected HIV-infected patients (83 outpatients and 21 patients with ongoing AIDS de®ning events). The patients were classi®ed into three stages of the disease, I, II and III according to the 1993 Centers For Disease Control (CDC) classi®cation system for HIV-infection. GSH-Px activities, plasma SH and plasma GSH concentrations were determined in a subset of 24 patients at stage I and 12 patients at stage III with an active AIDS-de®ning disease. Results: Mean serum selenium levels were lower in CDC stage II (68.7 AE 20.9 mg/l; P`0.01; n 34) and stage III (51.4 AE 14.7 mg/l; P`0.01; n 37) HIV-infected patients than in healthy subjects (89.2 AE 20.9 mg/l; n 72) and stage I patients (82.3 AE 20.5; mg/l; n 33). Serum selenium levels were positively correlated with CD4-count (r 0.42; P`0.001; n 104) and inversely with levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors type II (r 7 0.58; P`0.01; n 35), neopterin (r 70.5; P`0.001; n 80) and b2-microglobulin (r 70.4; P`0.001; n 94). Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV-coinfected patients at CDC stages I and II showed markedly lower selenium concentrations compared to HIV-infected patients without concomitant HCVinfection. Serum selenium and GSH-Px activity in hospitalized AIDS patients was signi®cantly lower as compared to asymptomatic patients and healthy subjects, whereas plasma SH and GSH concentrations were lower in both, asymptomatic -and AIDS-patients, than in the controls. Conclusion:The results show that stages I±III of HIV-disease are characterized by signi®cant impairments of antioxidative defenses provided by selenium, GSH-Px, SH-groups and GSH. Sponsorship:

“…To better treat selenium deficiency and to prevent selenium toxicity, an accurate evaluation of the effects of inorganic selenium compounds in fertilizers is required. Selenite and selenate-enriched pastures and salt licks are also used to increase selenium concentrations in livestock [97]. It is therefore also important to understand the effects of this supplementation on animals, and further studies are necessary to determine the appropriate levels and forms of inorganic selenium supplementation that are most effective.…”

Section: Selenium Deficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Synthesis of Selenium Nanoparticles from Broccoli, Characterization, Application and Toxicity

Kapur¹,

Soni²,

Kohli³

2017

Adv Tech Biol Med

Selenium in broccoliBroccoli belongs to the Brassicaceae family, originated in the Mediterranean regions and distributed in Europe and in the United States. Broccoli is rich in micronutrients such as carotene, vitamin C and folic acid-fibers, phytochemicals such as glucosinolates (GLs) and *Corresponding author: Kanchan Kohli, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Pharmaceutics, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard University, New Delhi 110062, India, Tel: +911126059688; E-mail: drkanchankohli@gmail.com AbstractPlant-based diets and phytochemicals present in plants can be used to decrease the risk of cancer. This article deals with Brassica species and broccoli in particular which are associated with reduced risk of several important cancers. These plants mainly contain selenium (Se) covalently bound in a number of different chemical forms which is mainly responsible for its biological activity. Further, several enzymes contain selenium in the form of the unusual selenocysteine amino acid which act on free radicals. Broccoli has the ability to accumulate Se many-fold beyond the concentration of Se present in the soil. Reflecting on the above it can be suggested that development of methods to increase the natural accumulation of Se in broccoli may greatly enhance its health-promoting properties. The present article details about green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles and their methods of characterizations. Green synthesis is a biological procedure which can be achieved can be achieved by using plant extracts. This method is capable of producing SeNPs in a size range of about 50-150 nm, under ambient conditions. It was found that SeNPs are able to inhibit the cell growth by dose-dependent manner. In addition, combination of SeNPs and doxorubicin shows better anticancer effect than individual treatments. The present review also brings to light about the causes and implications of toxic effects posed by Se nanoparticles as well as applications of Se nanoparticles in medicine.Green Synthesis of Selenium Nanoparticles from Broccoli, Characterization, Application and Toxicity Citation: Kapur M, Soni K, Kohli K (2017) Green Synthesis of Selenium Nanoparticles from Broccoli, Characterization, Application and Toxicity. Adv Tech Biol Med 5: 198. doi: 10.4172/2379-1764.1000198 Page 2 of 7 ManaviVolume Se Nanoparticles Characterization [42]An initial characterization of the test substance is imperative before any toxicity screening is commenced. A more extensive and complete characterization, including size distribution, shape, surface area, surface chemistry, crystallinity, porosity, agglomeration state, surface charge, solubility, etc., is recommended for nanomaterials in order to determine the correct correlation between their physicochemical properties and the biological effects they elicit [43][44][45][46].