Supplements and Inadvertent Doping – How Big Is the Risk to Athletes

Judkins, Catherine; Prock, Peter

doi:10.1159/000341970

Cited by 38 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Importantly, the purity of these substances cannot be guaranteed, such that they may contain banned substances without the athlete or manufacturer being aware. Studies have shown that many nutritional supplements purchased online and in retail stores are contaminated with banned steroids and stimulants 42. Thus, athletes could end up failing doping tests without intentionally having ingested banned substances 42.…”

Section: Performance-enhancing Effects Of Substances Used By Athletesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug abuse in athletes

Reardon¹,

Creado²

2014

SAR

135

102

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Drug abuse occurs in all sports and at most levels of competition. Athletic life may lead to drug abuse for a number of reasons, including for performance enhancement, to self-treat otherwise untreated mental illness, and to deal with stressors, such as pressure to perform, injuries, physical pain, and retirement from sport. This review examines the history of doping in athletes, the effects of different classes of substances used for doping, side effects of doping, the role of anti-doping organizations, and treatment of affected athletes. Doping goes back to ancient times, prior to the development of organized sports. Performance-enhancing drugs have continued to evolve, with “advances” in doping strategies driven by improved drug testing detection methods and advances in scientific research that can lead to the discovery and use of substances that may later be banned. Many sports organizations have come to ban the use of performance-enhancing drugs and have very strict consequences for people caught using them. There is variable evidence for the performance-enhancing effects and side effects of the various substances that are used for doping. Drug abuse in athletes should be addressed with preventive measures, education, motivational interviewing, and, when indicated, pharmacologic interventions.

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Section: Performance-enhancing Effects Of Substances Used By Athletesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug abuse in athletes

Reardon¹,

Creado²

2014

SAR

135

102

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The same is true regarding other nutritional supplements recommended for athletes. For that reason, it is no wonder that some supplements are contaminated intentionally by banned substances which may enhance athletic performance (Aqai et al, 2013; Cavalcanti Gde et al, 2013; Judkins and Prock, 2012). Obviously, the contamination of nutritional supplements may lead to inadvertent doping in competitive sport.…”

Section: Use Of Tt In Sport a Risk Of Dopingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into Supplements with Tribulus Terrestris used by Athletes

Pokrywka

Obmiński

Malczewska-Lenczowska

et al. 2014

Journal of Human Kinetics

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Herbal and nutritional supplements are more and more popular in the western population. One of them is an extract of an exotic plant, named Tribulus terrestris (TT). TT is a component of several supplements that are available over-the-counter and widely recommended, generally as enhancers of human vitality. TT is touted as a testosterone booster and remedy for impaired erectile function; therefore, it is targeted at physically active men, including male athletes. Based on the scientific literature describing the results of clinical trials, this review attempted to verify information on marketing TT with particular reference to the needs of athletes. It was found that there are few reliable data on the usefulness of TT in competitive sport. In humans, a TT extract used alone without additional components does not improve androgenic status or physical performance among athletes. The results of a few studies have showed that the combination of TT with other pharmacological components increases testosterone levels, but it was not discovered which components of the mixture contributed to that effect. TT contains several organic compounds including alkaloids and steroidal glycosides, of which pharmacological action in humans is not completely explained. One anti-doping study reported an incident with a TT supplement contaminated by a banned steroid. Toxicological studies regarding TT have been carried out on animals only, however, one accidental poisoning of a man was described. The Australian Institute of Sport does not recommend athletes’ usage of TT. So far, the published data concerning TT do not provide strong evidence for either usefulness or safe usage in sport.

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“…They can also deliberately use dietary supplements and medicines in order to enhance their physical appearance and performance [9]. Moreover, because remedies usually self-administered in order to treat common health problems may contain substances prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Code [10], their consumption exposes amateur athletes to inadvertent doping [11], which could lead to unexpected penalties, although these controls seem uncommon in the amateur sports community.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Administration of Medicines and Dietary Supplements Among Female Amateur Runners: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

et al. 2016

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IntroductionSelf-administration of medicines or dietary supplements without any physician’s advice is a widespread behavior and appears to be more frequently practiced by women. Moreover, reasons to self-administer products are often pains and injuries especially among athletes who might also use remedies to improve physical performance. The objective of this study was thus to assess the prevalence of self-administration of medicines and dietary supplements as well as its determinants among female amateur runners.MethodsOur sample was comprised of women who took part in amateur running events. Data regarding self-administration of substances, exclusively aiming at being physically prepared for the running event (i.e., intake the week before), were collected through an anonymous self-administered questionnaire including four specific themes (i.e., general information, self-administered medicines and dietary supplements, context of self-administration of substances and knowledge of the anti-doping regulations).ResultsA total of 136 women, with a median age of 39 years (interquartile range: 27–47), volunteered. Among them, 34.6% reported self-administration of medicines during the period immediately preceding the running event, with the aim to be physically prepared. More than one third (33.8%) also declared self-administration of dietary supplements. Furthermore, we observed that about 8.1% of the sample had consumed a potentially doping substance. After adjustments for confounding variables, the probability of self-administration of products (medicines or supplements) increased significantly with the intensity of the activity and the membership in a sports club.ConclusionsOur study showed that self-administration of products among female runners seems to be a widespread behavior, where the intensity of the sports practice and the network of runners seem to influence the decision to resort to this behavior.

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Supplements and Inadvertent Doping – How Big Is the Risk to Athletes

Cited by 38 publications

References 11 publications

Drug abuse in athletes

Drug abuse in athletes

Insights into Supplements with Tribulus Terrestris used by Athletes

Self-Administration of Medicines and Dietary Supplements Among Female Amateur Runners: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

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