Support for the microgenderome invites enquiry into sex differences

Wallis, Amy; Butt, Henry L.; Ball, Michelle; Lewis, Donald P.; Bruck, Dorothy

doi:10.1080/19490976.2016.1256524

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…It is becoming evident that the sex hormones have an impact on microbioma and consequently on immune responses [15]. On the other hand, gut microbiota can modify the systemic levels of testosterone via 17β reduction of androgen but still lack adequate information on the mechanism by which sex hormones derived by microbiome impact on the host immune response [19,20]. Immune cell populations vary between the sexes: females from birth have a higher proportion of CD4+ T lymphocytes than male, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells decline with age in both sexes though compared to men, and aged women show lower memory Tregs and NK cells.…”

Section: Hormones Chromosomes Immunity and Allergymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…information on the mechanism by which sex hormones derived by microbiome impact on the host immune response [19,20]. Immune cell populations vary between the sexes: females from birth have a higher proportion of CD4+ T lymphocytes than male, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells decline with age in both sexes though compared to men, and aged women show lower memory Tregs and NK cells.…”

Section: Hormones Chromosomes Immunity and Allergymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex and Gender Aspects for Patient Stratification in Allergy Prevention and Treatment

Martinis

Sirufo

Suppa

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Allergies are rapidly worsening in recent decades, representing the most common immunological diseases. The mechanism of disorders such as asthma, rhinocongiuntivitis, urticaria, atopic dermatitis, food and drug allergies, and anaphylaxis still remain unclear and consequently treatments is mostly still symptomatic and aspecific while developments of new therapies are limited. A growing amount of data in the literature shows us how the prevalence of allergic diseases is different in both sexes and its changes over the course of life. Genes, hormones, environmental and immunological factors affect sex disparities associated with the development and control of allergic diseases, while they more rarely are considered and reported regarding their differences related to social, psychological, cultural, economic, and employment aspects. This review describes the available knowledge on the role of sex and gender in allergies in an attempt to improve the indispensable gender perspective whose potential is still underestimated while it represents a significant turning point in research and the clinic. It will offer insights to stimulate exploration of the many aspects still unknown in this relationship that could ameliorate the preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic strategies in allergic diseases.

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Section: Hormones Chromosomes Immunity and Allergymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hormones Chromosomes Immunity and Allergymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex and Gender Aspects for Patient Stratification in Allergy Prevention and Treatment

Martinis

Sirufo

Suppa

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…Using gonadectomized and hormone-treated mice clearly revealed hormonal effects on the GM composition [ 172 ]. In humans, sex-specific interactions between Firmicutes and neurological, immune and mood symptoms of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome have been reported [ 173 ], but we are just beginning to appreciate the links between human microbiome composition and hormonal phenotypes. Twin studies have revealed that the once similar microbial composition of opposite-sex twins becomes distinctly different after puberty when compared to that of same-sex twins which remains compositionally similar [ 57 ].…”

Section: Gut Microbiota and Host Genetics: An Intimate Evolutionary-smentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota changes in the extreme decades of human life: a focus on centenarians

Santoro

Ostan

Candela

et al. 2017

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

198

103

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The gut microbiota (GM) is a complex, evolutionarily molded ecological system, which contributes to a variety of physiological functions. The GM is highly dynamic, being sensitive to environmental stimuli, and its composition changes over the host’s entire lifespan. However, the basic question of how much these changes may be ascribed to variables such as population, diet, genetics and gender, and/or to the aging process per se is still largely unanswered. We argue that comparison among studies on centenarians—the best model of healthy aging and longevity—recruited from different geographical areas/populations (different genetics and dietary habits) can help to disentangle the contribution of aging and non-aging-related variables to GM remodeling with age. The current review focuses on the role of population, gender and host genetics as possible drivers of GM modification along the human aging process. The feedback impact of age-associated GM variation on the GM–brain axis and GM metabolomics is also discussed. We likewise address the role of GM in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s, and its possible therapeutic use, taking advantage of the fact that centenarians are characterized by an extreme (healthy) phenotype versus patients suffering from age-related pathologies. Finally, it is argued that longitudinal studies combining metagenomics sequencing and in-depth phylogenetic analysis with a comprehensive phenotypic characterization of centenarians and patients using up-to-date omics (metabolomics, transcriptomics and meta-transcriptomics) are urgently needed.

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“…Gastrointestinal disturbances are well documented in CFS/ME (Logan et al, ; Sheedy et al, ; Fremont et al, ; Giloteaux et al, ; Navaneetharaja et al, ; Wallis et al, ). However, the association of CFS/ME with an altered microbiota‐gut‐brain axis and faecal microbiota transplantation remains unclear.…”

Section: Faecal Microbiota Transplantationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment and management of chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis: all roads lead to Rome

Castro-Marrero

Sáez-Francàs

Santillo

et al. 2017

British J Pharmacology

110

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This review explores the current evidence on benefits and harms of therapeutic interventions in chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) and makes recommendations. CFS/ME is a complex, multi‐system, chronic medical condition whose pathophysiology remains unknown. No established diagnostic tests exist nor are any FDA‐approved drugs available for treatment. Because of the range of symptoms of CFS/ME, treatment approaches vary widely. Studies undertaken have heterogeneous designs and are limited by sample size, length of follow‐up, applicability and methodological quality. The use of rintatolimod and rituximab as well as counselling, behavioural and rehabilitation therapy programs may be of benefit for CFS/ME, but the evidence of their effectiveness is still limited. Similarly, adaptive pacing appears to offer some benefits, but the results are debatable: so is the use of nutritional supplements, which may be of value to CFS/ME patients with biochemically proven deficiencies. To summarize, the recommended treatment strategies should include proper administration of nutritional supplements in CFS/ME patients with demonstrated deficiencies and personalized pacing programs to relieve symptoms and improve performance of daily activities, but a larger randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluation is required to confirm these preliminary observations. At present, no firm conclusions can be drawn because the few RCTs undertaken to date have been small‐scale, with a high risk of bias, and have used different case definitions. Further, RCTs are now urgently needed with rigorous experimental designs and appropriate data analysis, focusing particularly on the comparison of outcomes measures according to clinical presentation, patient characteristics, case criteria and degree of disability (i.e. severely ill ME cases or bedridden).

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Support for the microgenderome invites enquiry into sex differences

Cited by 21 publications

References 34 publications

Sex and Gender Aspects for Patient Stratification in Allergy Prevention and Treatment

Sex and Gender Aspects for Patient Stratification in Allergy Prevention and Treatment

Gut microbiota changes in the extreme decades of human life: a focus on centenarians

Treatment and management of chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis: all roads lead to Rome

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