Supported liquid membranes (SLM) for recovery of bismuth from aqueous solutions

Isolation and preconcentration of Cd(II) from environmental samples using polypropylene porous membrane in a hollow fiber renewal liquid membrane extraction procedure and determination by FAAS

“…In case of metal ion determination, the mass transfer process from a donor to an acceptor solution through a liquid membrane involves several stages, which include: a complexation reaction between the metal ion and the extractant at the membrane/donor solution interface, diffusion of the complex formed through the liquid membrane and break down of the complex at the membrane/acceptor solution interface with the release of the metal ion to the acceptor solution. This mechanism enables the transfer process to be carried out even at low analyte concentrations and even against an analyte concentration gradient, known as facilitated transport [6][7][8][9][10][11].…”

Aminododecyldiphosphonic Acid for Solvent Extraction of Bismuth Ions

“…World reserves of bismuth are usually obtained as a sub-product in lead, copper, tin and gold ores [2][3][4]. During the industrial metallurgical process of these ores, leaching stages with H 2 SO 4 , HCl and HNO 3 are involved, and highly acidic solutions with base metals and bismuth are obtained [5,6].…”

Fast, Selective Removal and Determination of Total Bismuth (III) and (V) in Water by Procaine Hydrochloride Immobilized Polyurethane Foam Packed Column Prior to Inductively Coupled Plasma - Optical Emission Spectrometry

“…It is also found as a secondary component in some lead, copper and tin minerals [1]. Bismuth (V) compounds do not exist in solution and are important in the view of pharmaceutical analytical chemistry [1].…”

“…It is also found as a secondary component in some lead, copper and tin minerals [1]. Bismuth (V) compounds do not exist in solution and are important in the view of pharmaceutical analytical chemistry [1]. In the Earth's crust, bismuth presents at trace concentration (8 μg Kg -1 ) while, bismuth minerals rarely occur alone and are almost associated with other ores [2].…”