Supported Titanium/Magnesium Ziegler Catalysts for the Production of Polyethylene

Kissin, Yury V.; Nowlin, Thomas E.; Mink, Robert I.

doi:10.1002/9781119242277.ch8

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…In the molecular catalysis, the precision and flexibility of the molecular design is benefited to propel a desired function 1–3 . Heterogeneous solid catalysts demonstrate multidimensional characteristics, which helps the material scientist to achieve especial performance by proper controlling the integration of multiple properties entities 4–6 . In order to incorporate various functions into a single material, the design should have multidimensional character.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High density and linear low‐density polyethylene, HDPE, and LLDPE constitute the highest share of synthetic polymers market in the world 10,11 . These polymers are commercially produced mostly by heterogeneous Ziegler Natta catalysts 4,12,13 . These catalysts are mainly composed of support (MgCl 2 , Mg(OEt) 2 , and silica) and TiCl 4 as active center, and occasionally electron donor to control isotacticity in polypropylene 14–18 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10,11 These polymers are commercially produced mostly by heterogeneous Ziegler Natta catalysts. 4,12,13 These catalysts are mainly composed of support (MgCl 2 , Mg(OEt) 2 , and silica) and TiCl 4 as active center, and occasionally electron donor to control isotacticity in polypropylene. [14][15][16][17][18] By the heterogenization of catalyst on the carrier, its activity and morphology are regulated, which diminishes reactor foaling and improves solid particles conveying in industrial reactors, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of adduct synthesis parameters on the ethylene polymerization kinetics of Ziegler Natta catalysts

Nouri-Ahangarani

Bahri‐Laleh

Abedini

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Here, it is aimed to clarify the structure-performance relationship in MgCl 2 based Ziegler Natta catalysts toward ethylene polymerizations. In this regard, 11 different adduct precursors were prepared through industrially appreciated melt quenching method employing various: (i) reaction times for dissolving magnesium chloride inside ethanol; (ii) ethanol/MgCl 2 molar ratios in the feed; (iii) heating rates during thermal dealcoholation; (iv) N 2 flows during thermal dealcoholation and (v) alcohol content after thermal dealcoholation. Among the studied parameters, heating rate and N 2 flow during thermal dealcoholation have the most pronounced effect on the porosity and particle size of the resulted adducts. Related Ziegler Natta catalysts were subsequently employed in ethylene polymerizations. According to the kinetic curves, catalyst productivity and form of kinetic curve (as decay or build-up type) can be precisely tailored by proper choosing of the mentioned variables during adduct synthesis. Microstructure analysis of the prepared polyethylenes reveals that alcohol content in the final adduct has the most significant effect on the H 2 response, in terms of molar mass and its distribution, of the related Ziegler Natta catalysts. The overall results help polyethylene producers in choosing proper reaction conditions during adduct synthesis for the production of different polymer grades, when productivity or H 2 response is targeted.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of adduct synthesis parameters on the ethylene polymerization kinetics of Ziegler Natta catalysts

Nouri-Ahangarani

Bahri‐Laleh

Abedini

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Only the first three types have commercial applications while the last one is yet to undergo examination and a developing phase. Ziegler–Natta catalysts vary greatly but are usually TiCl 4 supported on MgCl 2 and commonly employed for the polyethylene production in the industry [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Artificial Neural Networks for Producing an Estimation of High-Density Polyethylene

2020

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Polyethylene as a thermoplastic has received the uppermost popularity in a vast variety of applied contexts. Polyethylene is produced by several commercially obtainable technologies. Since Ziegler–Natta catalysts generate polyolefin with broad molecular weight and copolymer composition distributions, this type of model was utilized to simulate the polymerization procedure. The EIX (ethylene index) is the critical controlling variable that indicates product characteristics. Since it is difficult to measure the EIX, estimation is a problem causing the greatest challenges in the applicability of production. To resolve such problems, ANNs (artificial neural networks) are utilized in the present paper to predict the EIX from some simply computed variables of the system. In fact, the EIX is calculated as a function of pressure, ethylene flow, hydrogen flow, 1-butane flow, catalyst flow, and TEA (triethylaluminium) flow. The estimation was accomplished via the Multi-Layer Perceptron, Radial Basis, Cascade Feed-forward, and Generalized Regression Neural Networks. According to the results, the superior performance of the Multi-Layer Perceptron model than other ANN models was clearly demonstrated. Based on our findings, this model can predict production levels with R2 (regression coefficient), MSE (mean square error), AARD% (average absolute relative deviation percent), and RMSE (root mean square error) of, respectively, 0.89413, 0.02217, 0.4213, and 0.1489.

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“…Normally, magnesium alkyls and magnesium alkoxides reacts with titanium chloride compound while preparation of catalyst was activated with magnesium chloride support [19,43].…”

Section: Chemical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of cocatalyst combination in titanium-based ziegler-natta catalyst on olefin polymerization

Pongchan¹

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This research focused on effect of cocatalyst types (TEA, TnOA, and TEA+TnOA) on titanium-based Ziegler-Natta catalyst in olefin polymerization both in slurry and gas-phase systems. This study has been divided into four sections. The commercial titanium-based catalyst was selected to investigate effect of reaction temperature and oxidation state of titanium from ESR measurement on slurry ethylene and propylene polymerization in the first and the second parts, respectively. The commercial catalyst with TEA exhibited the highest activity in ethylene polymerization. However, divalent, and trivalent of titanium (Ti2+ and Ti3+) was active in ethylene polymerization to produce more polymer. Stability of Ti3+ was demonstrated to assist insertion of 1-hexene. Hence, propylene polymerization under different reaction temperatures was conducted to evaluate the titanium oxidation state (Ti3+). The ESR results revealed that TEA+TnOA at 50oC can stabilize titanium (III) state. Regarding to the third and fourth parts, different magnesium sources supported-catalyst; MgCl2 (Cat A), MgO (Cat B), and Mg(OEt)2 (Cat C); were compared in gas-phase ethylene polymerization. The modification of supported catalyst could improve the performance of catalyst and polymer. The results presented that Cat C or Mg(OEt)2 reacting with TEA showed the highest catalytic activity for both homo- and co-polymerization of ethylene. The addition of 1-hexene as comonomer could improve the activity and higher comonomer response called as “comonomer effect”. Moreover, the polymer obtained in gas-phase process exhibited remarkably better morphology than in slurry process.

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Supported Titanium/Magnesium Ziegler Catalysts for the Production of Polyethylene

Cited by 10 publications

References 51 publications

Effect of adduct synthesis parameters on the ethylene polymerization kinetics of Ziegler Natta catalysts

Effect of adduct synthesis parameters on the ethylene polymerization kinetics of Ziegler Natta catalysts

Application of Artificial Neural Networks for Producing an Estimation of High-Density Polyethylene

Effect of cocatalyst combination in titanium-based ziegler-natta catalyst on olefin polymerization

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