Supporting breastfeeding in emergencies: protecting women's reproductive rights and maternal and infant health

Gribble, Karleen; McGrath, Marie; Maclaine, A; Lhotska, Lida

doi:10.1111/j.1467-7717.2010.01239.x

Cited by 30 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…An increase in the consumption of formula milk in affected regions and its concurrency with summer and lack of health facilities such as safe water cause an increase in intestinal diseases for infants. [22]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of reproductive health indicators in women affected by East Azarbaijan earthquake on August 2012

Bahmanjanbeh¹,

Kohan²,

Yarmohammadian³

et al. 2016

Iranian J Nursing Midwifery Res

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Background:Ignoring reproductive health services during natural disasters leads to some negative consequences such as reduced access to contraceptive methods, sexual disorders, and pregnancy complications. Despite previous researches, there is still more need for research on this area of health. This study attempts to identify the indicators of reproductive health in the women affected by the East Azarbaijan earthquake on August 2012.Materials and Methods:In this descriptive study, reproductive health information pertaining to the years before, during, and after the earthquake were collected and compared in the health centers of the three affected cities including Ahar, Heriss, and Varzaghan as well as the health and forensics centers of the East Azarbaijan province in Iran by census method.Results:Findings indicated a decrease in live birth rate, general marriage fertility rate, stillbirth rate, contraceptive methods coverage, and prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases during and after the earthquake. Moreover, important indicators such as neonatal mortality rate and percentage of infants screened for breast milk, decreased during the disaster year in comparison with the years before and after. Other indicators such as preconception care, pregnancy first visit, rate of caesarian delivery, and under 1-year formula milk-fed infants’ percentages increased during the year of disaster in comparison with the years before and after.Conclusions:During the earthquake, some indicators of reproductive health have been reported to decrease whereas some others have gone through negative changes. Despite the partly favorable status of services, decision-makers and health service providers should pay more attention to the needs of women during disasters.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of reproductive health indicators in women affected by East Azarbaijan earthquake on August 2012

Bahmanjanbeh¹,

Kohan²,

Yarmohammadian³

et al. 2016

Iranian J Nursing Midwifery Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The social fragmentation that follows in the wake of a crisis may leave new mothers without the necessary support to initiate breastfeeding (Andersson et al . 2009) or to continue when facing malnutrition, stress and trauma (IBFAN 2005; Gribble et al . 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although there are no evidence-based guidelines or unified global health policy for perinatal and child health care in disaster settings (Turner et al 2010), there is a consensus that breastfeeding needs to be protected and encouraged (IFE Core Group 2007). The social fragmentation that follows in the wake of a crisis may leave new mothers without the necessary support to initiate breastfeeding (Andersson et al 2009) or to continue when facing malnutrition, stress and trauma (IBFAN 2005;Gribble et al 2011). The widespread and unscreened distribution of infant formula have been documented across a number of emergency situations, including the Tsunami 2004 in India (Adhisivam et al 2006), the Central Java earthquake in 2006 (Hipgrave et al 2011), the Philippines typhoon in 2007 (Anonymous 2007), the China earthquake in 2008 (Bengin et al 2010) and the internally displaced persons crisis in Pakistan in 2009(OCHA 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘It is me who eats, to nourish him’: a mixed‐method study of breastfeeding in post‐earthquake Haiti

Dörnemann

Kelly

2012

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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In Haiti, initiation of breastfeeding is high, but early mixed feeding is the norm. In a situation of crisis, mothers' worries about insufficiency of breast milk, disruption of social networks and free unmonitored distribution of breast milk substitutes impact feeding practices. This study was conducted to explore the attitudes, practices and understandings of breastfeeding in the post-earthquake situation in Haiti. A mixed-method study was conducted in Léogâne, Haiti, a town close to the epicentre of the 2010 earthquake. In a household survey, 1131 mothers of children under 24 months were interviewed about feeding practices. In the quantitative component, we conducted 25 in-depth interviews and seven focus group discussions with mothers, grandmothers, traditional birth attendants, fathers and health care professionals. Mothers described breastfeeding as a challenging responsibility to ensure the infants' health. They understood breast milk as a dynamic substance, the quality of which would deteriorate if the mother's diet was poor or if the mother was afflicted with a psychosocial condition called move san or colere, 'bad blood'. To protect the child in these situations, early supplementary feeding is introduced. Only 20% of informants exclusively breastfed infants under 6 months. Because of a lack of confidence in the quality of breast milk, Haitian mothers tend to wean children earlier. The abiding concerns of Haitian mothers over the quality of their breast milk suggest a number of ways - such as dietary advice - that post-earthquake aid agencies could enhance breastfeeding support.

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“…As a preventive aspect, it is essential to consider interventions like mass vaccination, growth monitoring, breastfeeding promotion, prevention of micro‐ and macronutrient deficiencies, malaria prevention, and reproductive health services (Hirani, ). Considering the risks associated with formula feeding during displacement, focus must be placed on controlling the distribution of breast milk substitutes and feeding bottles (Binns et al., ; Gribble, McGrath, MacLaine, & Lhotska, ; World Health Organization, ). Curative aspects may include timely, accessible, and free treatment for communicable and noncommunicable diseases, sexually transmitted infections, and psychiatric disorders.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal and Child Health During Forced Displacement

Hirani

Richter

2019

J of Nursing Scholarship

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Purpose To discuss the effects of forced displacement on maternal and child health, highlight the major pitfalls in delivering humanitarian services to this vulnerable group, and underscore the need for multilayered interventions to improve health, protect rights, and reduce vulnerabilities during forced displacements. Methods A comprehensive literature search was undertaken from databases including Medline, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, Scopus, and ProQuest. No restrictions were placed on geographical region, type, and year of publication. The key words used were displacement, children, women, health, challenges, disaster response, emergency medicine, terrorism, maladjustment, morbidity, disaster response, cultural sensitivity, and interventions. Conclusions Forced displacement negatively affects maternal and child health. The key challenges during forced displacement include food insecurity, lack of shelter, unavailability of clean water and sanitation, poor infrastructure of healthcare services, unavailability of birth attendants and healthcare professionals to manage medical emergencies, inaccessibility to educational and training facilities, and lack of cultural sensitivity of humanitarian workers. The ultimate outcome of forced displacement is a sudden rise in maternal and child mortality and morbidity, maladjustment, psychological issues, altered familial roles, displaced parenting, and vulnerability to exploitation. In view of Bronfenbrenner's socio‐ecological framework, multilayered interventions are proposed to improve maternal and child health during forced displacements. Clinical Relevance In view of the effects of forced displacement on maternal and child health and considering the major pitfalls in the delivery of humanitarian services to this vulnerable group, the proposed multilayered interventions can improve health, protect rights, and reduce vulnerabilities surrounding maternal and child health during forced displacements.

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Supporting breastfeeding in emergencies: protecting women's reproductive rights and maternal and infant health

Cited by 30 publications

References 36 publications

Evaluation of reproductive health indicators in women affected by East Azarbaijan earthquake on August 2012

Evaluation of reproductive health indicators in women affected by East Azarbaijan earthquake on August 2012

‘It is me who eats, to nourish him’: a mixed‐method study of breastfeeding in post‐earthquake Haiti

Maternal and Child Health During Forced Displacement

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